British Petroleum America, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

British Petroleum America, Inc - Case Study Example According to the research findings BP had a clean history until the oil spill. A look into its history proves that at least in principle, the company gave attention to health, safety, and environmental standards. For example, in the year 2005 alone, the company invested nearly $ 8 million on promoting the production and marketing of low carbon power from alternative energy sources like solar, wind, and natural gas. Moreover, the company took initiatives to provide low cost liquefied petroleum gas to low income customers. In addition, the company claims that the company prepared new principles in the year 2005 in order to address the increased demand for environmental vigilance. Thus, it becomes evident that the company was very careful to create an environmentally ethical image as it had to access environmentally sensitive areas like Alaska. It was in March 2006 that the worst oil spill in the history of the company took place in the North Slope of Alaska’s tundra. It took fiv e days to discover the oil leak, and by that time, nearly 200000 to 270000 gallons of crude oil spilled into the area. Though the exact reason of the spill is still unknown, the company has been criticized by many for its improper maintenance of pipelines. In fact, the responsibility to maintain and operate the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System where the leak took place is with the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. But BP cannot evade from its responsibility to oversee that proper maintenance takes place. Though the primary reason, according to many, is the aging and deterioration of the pipelines in the supply system, there are various factors that are believed to be the cause of early deterioration and leakage. The first such factor is the diminishing quality of the crude oil that passes through the pipeline (p. 12). It is pointed out that as more and more oil exploration takes place, the quality of crude oil has declined substantially. The company spokesperson opines that the reason b ehind corrosion can be the presence of water and sediment in the oil (p. 12). On the other hand, the opinion of Steve Marshall, the president of BP Exploration, is that the reason lies in the presence of an emulsion-breaking additive in the oil. The ultrasonic tests conducted in the year 2005 identified increasing corrosion in the pipeline, and as a result, the company increased the budget for pipeline maintenance, and increased the frequency of pipeline inspections. Despite all these efforts, the leak took place at a place where the pipe was buried underground. Anyway, the company and its environmental policies have become a center of media attention. In addition, the Office of Pipeline Safety has directed BP to conduct thorough repairs and investigations and to report the same to the office. The company can use the pipeline only after it receives permission from the federal agency. In addition, the company is likely to face a fine that can go up to $ 2.1 million (p. 10). Lastly, t he efforts of the company to present itself as a ‘green’ one has faced a serious set back due to the incident. 1. From the very beginning

The Radiation Exposure in Hiroshima Research Paper

The Radiation Exposure in Hiroshima - Research Paper Example The intermediate stage lies between 10 and 12 weeks after the initial exposure to the radiation. The deaths in Hiroshima and Nagasaki stemmed from ionizing radiation. In Hiroshima alone, about 140,000 died instantly and 100,000 were seriously injured. Syndromes. That the damage that had been left by the nuclear radiation was extensive, is a matter that is underscored by the trail of medical or health complications it left in its wake. Some of the symptoms that Japan had to deal with include bleeding, hair loss, nausea, flash burns, blood cancer and a higher level of vulnerability to leukemia, malignant tumors, and cataracts. Some of the syndromes that accompanied the radiation included small brain size, skin, organ and blood cancer, lower Intelligence Quotient, mental retardation, cleft and lip palate, blindness, delayed development and Spinal Bifida. Other conditions that accompanied the radiation include. The fact that the radiation had claimed Hiroshima and Nagasaki’s 90 pe rcent of medical personnel and left many others disabled did not make things lighter. The same state of affairs also dilapidated medical supplies and resultantly, claimed more deaths. burns- Long-term impact on the exposed population * Cancers, genetic defects, other biologic effectsIn addition:- Define any radiation units used in your research paper (R, rem, rad, Ci, Sv, Gy, Bq, etc.)- Define the term LD 50/30- Describe the LD 50/30 in humans- Current standards for Effective Dose Equivalent limits for occupational and non-occupational exposures

British Petroleum America, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

British Petroleum America, Inc - Case Study Example According to the research findings BP had a clean history until the oil spill. A look into its history proves that at least in principle, the company gave attention to health, safety, and environmental standards. For example, in the year 2005 alone, the company invested nearly $ 8 million on promoting the production and marketing of low carbon power from alternative energy sources like solar, wind, and natural gas. Moreover, the company took initiatives to provide low cost liquefied petroleum gas to low income customers. In addition, the company claims that the company prepared new principles in the year 2005 in order to address the increased demand for environmental vigilance. Thus, it becomes evident that the company was very careful to create an environmentally ethical image as it had to access environmentally sensitive areas like Alaska. It was in March 2006 that the worst oil spill in the history of the company took place in the North Slope of Alaska’s tundra. It took fiv e days to discover the oil leak, and by that time, nearly 200000 to 270000 gallons of crude oil spilled into the area. Though the exact reason of the spill is still unknown, the company has been criticized by many for its improper maintenance of pipelines. In fact, the responsibility to maintain and operate the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System where the leak took place is with the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. But BP cannot evade from its responsibility to oversee that proper maintenance takes place. Though the primary reason, according to many, is the aging and deterioration of the pipelines in the supply system, there are various factors that are believed to be the cause of early deterioration and leakage. The first such factor is the diminishing quality of the crude oil that passes through the pipeline (p. 12). It is pointed out that as more and more oil exploration takes place, the quality of crude oil has declined substantially. The company spokesperson opines that the reason b ehind corrosion can be the presence of water and sediment in the oil (p. 12). On the other hand, the opinion of Steve Marshall, the president of BP Exploration, is that the reason lies in the presence of an emulsion-breaking additive in the oil. The ultrasonic tests conducted in the year 2005 identified increasing corrosion in the pipeline, and as a result, the company increased the budget for pipeline maintenance, and increased the frequency of pipeline inspections. Despite all these efforts, the leak took place at a place where the pipe was buried underground. Anyway, the company and its environmental policies have become a center of media attention. In addition, the Office of Pipeline Safety has directed BP to conduct thorough repairs and investigations and to report the same to the office. The company can use the pipeline only after it receives permission from the federal agency. In addition, the company is likely to face a fine that can go up to $ 2.1 million (p. 10). Lastly, t he efforts of the company to present itself as a ‘green’ one has faced a serious set back due to the incident. 1. From the very beginning

Critical reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critical reflection paper - Essay Example It is imperative to note that thoughts are also subject to past experiences; for instance, educators may be against the learning of a new reading approach that is promoted by the government because they have the belief that the approach is not effective based in successful experiences they have working with a different approach. I believe that emotional intelligence of the educator has a profound influence on motivation and self-concepts of students, regardless of the fact that teaching is associated with a lot of emotion. The willingness of a school to change is affected by the psychological state of the teachers and if they disregard the psychological and inter-personal processes, they might end up behaving in a defensive manner in order to safeguard themselves from innovations that will reveal their shortfalls (Strike, 2010). On the other hand, if teachers value individuals as people, while at the same time valuing what they contribute, their self-esteem will increase and trust will be fostered. I believe the starting point for learning is motivation, and for an overworked and busy educator to be devoted in terms of effort towards change and new learning approaches, there should be adequate reasons for change or something that will make the teacher understand that what they are doing is not working. Additionally, when faced with newer approaches to teaching, the teachers should have an awareness of whether it is useful and practical, which implies relevance in the classroom to the students(Parker, 2010). Further, I believe if a teacher is not confident on the possibility of achieving success, then motivation will not be enough and there are cases where teachers do not believe that all students can be successful. Some teachers deeply believe that regardless of what they do, they cannot make a lot of difference as a result of the disadvantaged social situations of the students as

Political Culture Essay Example for Free

Political Culture Essay The single greatest contributor to the way American Politics plays out both within and outside of our borders today is in our rich and long-lasting political culture that defines they way we look as the world and how to respond to it. Shaped by values, history, current events, and emotional commitments that our populace collectively shares, political culture in the United States determines the way government functions and reveals the intricacies of our collective way of life in a way nothing else can. Throughout our nations history there have been three different types of political culture proposed by three different authors as stated below. The first model of conceptualized liberty is a tradition of longstanding liberalism maintained by Myrdal in Wilsons American Politics. Claiming that Americans naturally crave their individual rights and want their liberty to constitute freedom within the law to do whatever they want as their own person, he states we are a self concerning people with central regard for our own lives independent of the rest of the nation. This style of political culture emerged the greatest during the 60s when individualists like hippies and protestors came out against the large Model II type government that strove to provide and manage the people in the overbearing sense it did. Todays culture draws strong parallels to liberalism as well, with most Americans concerned for their own rights first. An example of this is the dog laws imposed in New York where dogs cannot be off a leash or make excessive noise in Central Park that distracts other people. Some people feel they are having their right to quiet and safety violated by these dogs and the laws behind them, while others maintain it is their right to have dogs and be able to run them freely. The second claim is of political culture is the one that was created in the grand scheme by the founding fathers and proposed by Hartz. This perception of liberty claims that there is a collectivist notion of unity among the people that promotes the general welfare of the nation as a whole and not just based on individual rights. First established by puritan settlers who wanted to build a city on a hill with a strong central purpose and unity among its citizens, the concept of a strong government that united the people in one common goal to achieve the greater good became known as republicanism. This concept of liberty is alive today as the populace stands united against the global threat of terrorism that threatens all Americans equally. To protect each other and nation as a whole Americans look to the greater good beyond their personal rights to sustain the nations security. An example is in peoples ability to forego some of their individual rights in the patriot act or at airports to give up some privacy to keep them safe from terrorists in order to maintain the greater good of the nation. The third perception of liberty is proposed by Roger M. Smith who states that America is traditionally hierarchical and is driven by social and economic classes that preside over others. This concept has been prevalent for hundreds of years in times of slavery and civil unrest when African Americans and other surges of immigrants were oppressed and looked upon as outsiders by the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants that formed the backbone of the nation. While civil rights have been passed to make the nation equal for all, Smith argues an underlying factor of racism and inequality among minorities still lingers in the heart of America. An example of this is the Duke Lacrosse Scandal where three elite white males were charged in the rape of a black woman and media frenzy that ensued around it. Claiming that the white males thought themselves superior and able to escape consequences for crimes against minorities, African American leaders such as Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson came out in force to lead rallies for their prosecution. Another parallel is Hurricane Katrina and the thousand of black residents displaced by it in 2005. Most of the 9th district of New Orleans was destroyed by the storm because it sat unprotected and vulnerable and to this day it remains in shambles with little done to improve the area. Smith would argue this is because of the racial and economic hierarchy that differentiates the poor African American residents of the area from the white controlling politians with the power to do anything about it. While all these three conceptions of liberty are prevalent and present in todays political culture, the structure of our government and the speed with which the world changes does not allow any one style to dominate the rest. Americans live off and pride themselves on their civil individual rights while at the same time unifying collectively to stand as one against outside threats like terrorism. There is some hierarchical dissonance that remains in the actions of many government officials and elite pockets of society separated from citizens of different economic standing and ethnicity, but after the civil rights laws were passed the vast majority of these problems have been removed. This leaves the United States with a balanced and ever changing political culture that hinges back and forth between the three conceptions of liberty.

Family and Child Law: Negotiation

Family and Child Law: Negotiation Introduction Addressing the position of the parties on these facts, their views as to desired outcome are completely opposed in respect of where the children should be live. It is interesting to note however, that whilst Isabelle wants to relocate to Canada,[1] she suggests that she may remain in England if the children cannot move with her. In other words, she may be open to staying to have a better relationship with the children. The importance of this is that Isabelle is not completely inflexible. Initial Discussions with Isabelle Two important initial points must be made clear to Isabelle. The first, is that the Court will only make an order in respect of children if it believes that it is necessary for the childrens best interests.[2] Secondly, it is the childrens wellbeing that is paramount in all considerations for these issues.[3] Even though previously the Courts may have suggested that the effect on a parent not being able to relocate should be given great weight,[4] this approach is now considered wrong and the impact on the parent is only one of several factors taken into account when assessing the effect on the childs welfare.[5] In this respect, the welfare-checklist factors[6] are relevant considerations.[7] To this end, Isabelle must, prior to commencing negotiations, be made aware that she should approach the matter by considering what approach the Court might take. The CAFCASS report, whilst not making any specific recommendations, suggest that an order may be necessary in this circumstance and therefore, whilst the Court is not obliged to make an order of the type sought by the parties,[8] is likely to do so. This means that Isabelle should be made aware that if she does not reach a negotiated settlement, the Court may make orders of the type sought by Russell. It may not do, of course, but it would be wrong for Isabelle to enter negotiations believing that the Court will favour her position in any way. This approach may assist Isabelle in being more open to compromise. Furthermore, Isabelle, in her email, demonstrated a degree of anger towards Russell in respect of her assertions regarding to affairs and drug use. Isabelle also shows a great deal of animosity towards Destiny. She should be made aware that this kind of approach will not assist in terms of engendering co-operation from Russell, and may ultimately be damaging should the matter proceed to Court.[9] In this respect, the authority on these matters will consider the true reason for the wish to relocate,[10] and may consider that Isabelles real reason for wishing to take the children is to limit their contact with Russell, rather than her suggested intention that the move would give them a new start and a better standard of living.[11] Isabelle would also be extremely ill advised to mention Russells alleged drug use, given that she freely admits that she has used drugs recreationally. Negotiation Options Contact, is a fundamental right for children[12] and parents.[13] It seems clear that Isabelle will not convince Russell that the children should be allowed to leave with her unless she is able to provide a robust solution in respect of contact.[14] To this end, she must offer contact for all or most of the childrens school-holidays,[15] and must be open to indirect-contact(Skype)[16] in Canada at other times. It also seems sensible that she should consider addressing the issue of how daily contact can be affected given the time difference. Although the children are perhaps a little young, offering to provide them with some way of contacting their father whenever they want may assist. It seems that she may also have to accept that the children will have contact with Destiny and that they enjoy the contact they have. Whilst this approach may assist Isabelle, it seems that the CAFCASS report is moderately in favour of retaining the status-quo[17] and, because this is something that the Courts consider very important in respect of welfare,[18] (this approach is reflected throughout the welfare-checklist comments made by CAFCASS) it is possible that Isabelle may need to make concessions beyond simply allowing extensive contact. It is, at this stage, that Isabelle may be faced with a difficult decision and it may be appropriate to expressly ask her prior to negotiations whether moving to Canada, promotion and Pierre are more important than regular contact with the children.[19] This may shock her, but will clarify the position in her mind. If Isabelle decided to move to Canada alone, it seems reasonable for her to be able to assert that similar robust contact arrangements are put in place. It also seems that, based on the CAFCASSs view that the children enjoy contact with their maternal grandparents that such an approach may be acceptable to the Court and ought to be accepted by Russell. If Isabelle decides to remain in England, the position becomes less complicated, in that the current residence and contact provisions can be maintained. It seems reasonable that if Isabelle can show that she can alter her work patterns accordingly, she could seek to extend this contact, but since she asserts that the children spend 50% of their time with her already, she may have difficulty in justifying further contact. It is important to stress to Isabelle that the fact that she does not like Destiny is irrelevant because, according to CAFCASSS, the children like her and she can take care of them.[20] Conclusions If Isabelle is intransigent regarding relocation, the only concession she can make is to offer extended contact. On balance, the Courts may favour the status-quo and prevent the children leaving for Canada. Presuming that Russell is properly advised and aware of this, it seems likely that he will retain his current position. In this circumstance, Isabelle must attempt to secure her regular contact with the children. This will be the case regardless of whether she chooses to remain in England or leave for Canada without the children. It seems likely that the Court would support contact. 1000 Words Bibliography Primary Sources Table of Cases K v K (Relocation: Shared Care Arrangement) [2011] EWCA Civ 793 K v K [1992] 2 FLR 98 M v F [2016] EWHC 3914 (Fam) Payne v Payne [2001] EWCA Civ 166 Re AR [2010] EWHC 1346 Re B (RO: Status Quo) [1998] 1 FLR 368 Re F (International Relocation Cases) [2015] EWCA Civ 882 Re H (Children) (Residence Order) [2007] 2 FCR 621 Re L (A Child) [2016] EWCA CIV 821 Re W [2005] EWCA Civ 1614 Table of Legislation: UK Children Act 1989 Table of Legislation: EU European Convention on Human Rights 1950 The United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 Secondary Sources Table of textbooks Gilmore S and Glennon L, Hayes and Williams Family Law (5th edn, OUP 2016) Herring J, Family Law (Longman Law Series) (7th edn, Pearson 2015) Lowe N and Douglas G, Bromleys Family Law (11th edn, OUP 2015) [1] Children Act 1989, s 8(1). [2] Children Act 1989, s 1(5). [3] Children Act 1989, s 1(1). [4] Payne v Payne [2001] EWCA Civ 166. [5] Re F (International Relocation Cases) [2015] EWCA Civ 882 [49]. [6] Children Act 1989, s 1(3). [7] Re F (International Relocation Cases) [2015] EWCA Civ 882. [8] Children Act 1989, s 1(3)(g). [9] K v K [1992] 2 FLR 98. [10] Payne v Payne [2001] EWCA Civ 166 [40] (LJ Thorpe). [11] K v K (Relocation: Shared Care Arrangement) [2011] EWCA Civ 793. [12] United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, Art9(1). [13] European Convention of Human Rights 1950, Art8. [14] Re AR [2010] EWHC 1346. [15] Re L (A Child) [2016] EWCA CIV 821. [16] M v F [2016] EWHC 3914 (Fam). [17] Re B (RO: Status Quo) [1998] 1 FLR 368. [18] Re H (Children) (Residence Order) [2007] 2 FCR 621. [19] Re W [2005] EWCA Civ 1614. [20] Children Act 1989, s 1(3)(f).

ark Twain’s novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Twain Huck Finn

A home is normally portrayed as a dwelling in which a person feels safe and is able to be themselves. In Mark Twain’s novel, The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, Huck, the protagonist, thinks of the river as his home. All his life the shore has had negative connotations, but after he moves to the river, everything changes for the better. While on land, he is brutalized by his father, forced into conformity by Miss Watson, and a witness to a murder. While on the river, he finds his family and learns to relax. There are many examples of family in the novel, some functional, others figurative. When Huck is on the land, he encounters many different types of families; including his relationship with his father, Pap. Pap has many views about how Huck should be raised, including his belief that Huck should not be taught to read; â€Å"You’re educated, too, they say; can read and write. You think you’re better’n your father, now, don’t you, because he can’t?... I’ll lay for you, my smarty; and if I catch you about that school, I’ll tan you good† (18). Pap’s reaction to Huck’s education is appalling. As a father, he should only have Huck’s best interest at mind, not concentrating on keeping his child illiterate. Unfortunately, this is not the only example of familial dysfunction we see in the novel. When Huck loses Jim in the water, he washes up and is found by the Grangerfords. This animalistic family is feuding with a neighboring clan, the Shepherdsons, when neither side knows the actual root of the argument. These two families are heartless, and even though they seem civilized enough with their formalities and nice houses, they are savages. Death is a common occurrence, towards which an eyelash never batted. Huck meets his counterpart, Buck, and soon sees how deranged this family really is with the death of Mr. Grangerford. â€Å"[Buck] said his father and his two brothers was killed..Buck said his father and brothers ought to waited for their relations-- the Shepherdsons were too strong for them† (97). Even though Huck feels like he fits in with the Grangerfords, he is horrified at the way they view the deaths of their kinsmen. When Buck dies, Huck becomes very upset, solely because one of the few people who he has cared about is dead. Although Huck feels an attachment to the Grangerfords, they do not function as a family and do not treat him accordingly.