Humanistic Perspective on Personality Essays -- Psychology Carl Rogers

The humanistic perspective on personality deals exclusively with human behavior. Humanistic psychologists believe that human nature includes a inherent drive towards personal growth, that humans demand the freedom to choose what they do regardless of environmental factors, and humans are just aboutly conscious beings and are not controlled by unconscious needs and conflicts. They also believe that a persons subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. Two of the humanistic theorists that have made an impact of humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. When thinking about my personality in regard to different personality theories, I felt that I could most relate to the humanistic theory. Carl Rogers described self-concept as a collection of beliefs about ones own nature, unique qualities and typical behavior. My self-concept is that Im an easy-going, nice guy. If something happens that upsets me, I am pretty fixed back about it and deal with it grad ually. I like the fact that Im easy going, and I dont want to suddenly start showing a temper or overreacting about things that I know I can get past calmly. Rogers also stressed the fact that our self-concept may not always be accurate. I like to think that Im an intelligent human, but when others see my transcript, for example, they may think otherwise. But, on the other hand, when I am in a situation that I know a lot about, like hunting, another might think I am very intelligent. Others view...

Terrorism and the Contract Security Market Essay -- Business Human Res

Terrorism and the Contract Security Market Contract security has become a billion dollar business within the defy decade. It is by far one of the most net proceedable businesses today. Also, after the events of September 11th we can only expect this field to continue to grow. With the economy and plain the way it is today, we can expect to see contract security and proprietary security forces increase in both size and tasks that must be managed. only when is the contract security field ready to step up and perform the new duties we need them to perform?The truth is, the contract security field is plagued by many things that impede its effectivenessPay rates are too low to attract the quality employees. Training is insufficient Turnover rates expire 100% in many contract companies. These are just some of the problems facing the contract security field. Most of the companies manage to turn a profit by practicing the warm body approach. This involves recruiting anyone (which is usu ally the bottom 5% of the population) who will work for the low wages provided. The company provides minimum training. Some companies put their guards to work before paperwork and background checks are even completed. This is not true of all contract security firms. Some do process and provide very exceeding officers a prime example being Wackenhut Security. RecruitmentRecruitment practices have improved in many areas. Some warm body approaches are clam up being employ but, overall this is practiced in places such as New York and other heavily urban areas where the process of low bidding is used (Hertig 2003). In these areas of the country turnover rates are higher than any other. For the most part this can be blamed on wages. The ... ... Manual. Dated Oct 1999. command Security Corp. (1999) Website . Accessed 17 Apr. 2003, http//www.cscny.comGoodboe Michael E (2002) How to turn around turnover Security Management, Nov 2002 Vol. 46, Iss. 11 pg. 65, 3 pgsHertig, Chris.(1999) Cont racts in Asset Protection. In Davies & Minion (Eds.) Security Supervison Theory and charge of Asset Protection. Butterworth Heinemann Boston Mass. 1999. pg. 371-374. 4pgsHertig, Chris. In class handouts. Security and Supervision Class. Spring Semester 03Johnson, Jordan (2003) Get The Most From Your Guard Force Security Management, Arlington Feb 2003 Vol. 47, Iss. 2 pg. 73, 5 pgsThibodeau, Charles (1999) mental faculty Training and Development. In Davies & Minion (Eds.) Security Supervison Theory and Practice of Asset Protection. Butterworth Heinemann Boston Mass. 1999. pg. 118-126. 9pgs

Air Pollution :: essays research papers

Air PollutionAir, is the most essential element for all life history organisms and yet, most humans play a full-size role on polluting this essential resource. Air pollution may not be as monstrous in its direct outcome as nuclear or water pollution can be, but in the long term it will do an tremendous effect on the environment and health of its organisms living in. Asthma, cancer, acid rain, and the disability to photosynthesize argon only a few causes of air pollution.The atmospheric pollutants with the sterling(prenominal) effect onto the environment are the simple machinebon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, dust particles, radioactive isotopes, and chlorofluorocarbons. The major sources that enable carbon monoxide to enter the atmosphere are the exhausts of cars, the burning of fossil fuels, and the oxidation of natural methane. Carbon dioxide is caused by the consumption of fossil fuels only and it causes the possible greenhouse ef fect which has global warming as an outcome. Hydrocarbons are caused by the combustion of oil and petrol and it effects the environment with carcinogen. Carcinogen is a chemical agent that causes cancer. Sulphur dioxide is certainly one of the major atmospheric pollutants considered that it causes stinging eyes, lung damage, asthma, and acid rain. It is the result of coal-fired power stations. Nitrogen oxides that is produced by the exhaust of cars, causes pneumonia and asphyxia. The outcome of the well known dust particles is often underestimated. It is caused by industrial chimneys, car exhaust, and volcanic eruptions and it effects the environment by toxic effects and damage of the lungs. Radioactive isotopes which are caused by small quantities from nuclear counteract and nuclear accidents submit an carcinogenic effect on the environment as well. The outcome of chlorfluorocarbons, which had been first discovered in the 80s is that it destroys the ozone layer. Many of those maj or atmospheric pollutants combined produce the serious and well known smoke and gas emission called smog.Smog or dust dome is most often formed when a layer of calm down air is trapped beneath a layer of still warmer air. The mixture of benzopyrene ( a cancer causing substance that is produced by the evaporation of petrol), the waste of hydrocarbons, combined with nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and sunlight produce the photochemical smog which can be recognized as the yellow cloud over every big city in the world. Besides that optical effect it causes an increase of ozone in the lower atmosphere and the health conditions of the particular organism living in such(prenominal) an area.

Self-Worth and Moral Knowledge :: Philosophy Morals Traditions Papers

Self-Worth and Moral KnowledgeI argue that persons ar unlikely to reserve moral knowledge insofar as they lack real moral virtues that persons are commonly deficient in these virtues, and hence that they are regularly unlikely to have adequate moral knowledge. I propose a version of this line of business that employs a broad conception of self-worth, a virtue found in a wide range of moral traditions that suppose a person would have an appropriate sense of self-worth in the face of tendencies both to overestimate and underestimate the value of ones self. I begin by noting some distinctive features of this list that spy it from more common arguments for moral skepticism. This is followed by an elucidation of the virtue of self-worth. I then consider some connections mingled with self-worth and moral knowledge and, more briefly, the extent of self-worth among persons. Finally, I respond to the objection that the argument is incoherent because it presupposes moral knowledge that it later undermines.My aim is to offer a brief defense of an argument for a moderate moral skepticism that is rooted in morality itself as often understood. In general form, the argument is based on the contention that persons are unlikely to have moral knowledge insofar as they lack certain moral virtues it continues with the claim that persons are commonly deficient in these virtues, and it concludes that they are regularly unlikely to have adequate moral knowledge. I will propose a version of this argument that employs a broad conception of self-worth, a virtue found in a wide range of moral traditions that suppose a person should have an appropriate sense of self-worth in the face of tendencies both to overestimate and underestimate the value of ones self.I begin by noting some distinctive features of this argument that distinguish it from more common arguments for moral skepticism (section I). This is followed by an elucidation of the virtue of self-worth (section II). I then c onsider some connections between self-worth and moral knowledge (sections one-third and IV), and, more briefly, the extent of self-worth among persons (section V). Finally, I respond to an objection that may be made against this argument (section VI).I.The argument I defend here is in some(prenominal) respects different than familiar arguments for moral skepticism. First, moral skeptics often purport to show that there is no moral knowledge and sometimes that there chiffonier be none. (1) The present argument claims only that persons commonly are likely to be deficient in moral knowledge and hence that there is slight moral knowledge among persons than might be thought.

The Potential of Medical Marijuana :: Marijuana Medicine Treatment Essays

Marijuana is one of the oldest cultivated go unders in the world (7). Since it became illegal in 1967 (5), in that respect have been many questions of whether or not it is good for medical purposes. Debates between people that are for and against the use of marijuana in medicine have been heat up and in recent years, referendums have been brought up in several states to make it available for medical treatment. Personally, I think that marijuana has the power to be a signifi brush asidet help with certain aliments, however, I think that more research is needed to prove its medical potential. The first people to introduce the healing properties of marijuana, were the Chinese. somewhat five thousand years ago, the people of the plains of Central Asia, just north of the Himalayas, began cultivating the plant. Though it is not exactly certain what cultivation of the plant was for, whether it was for its oil, fiber or medical properties, most experts believe that it was for its fibers. The fiber of the plant is so strong that it can be used to make thick, sturdy ropes. Its seeds also contain oils that can be used as a varnish. In some countries the seeds are used as bird and cattle feed and also in the manufacturing of soap. Something else that you may not know is that the seeds can be roasted and eaten as food. It is actually the flowers of a certain fibre of the plant that is used for its medicinal and intoxicating property. I say a flower from a certain type of the plant because from my personal experience, many people believe that there is only one type of marijuana. Actually, marijuana is such a wild plant, that it easily adapts to any soil and new varieties it then emerge. This is when the plants with the strongest fibers, most superior oils, and a more potent drug content are selected. Only around 1000 B.C., in India and Southeast Asia, when the plant started to grow in that region, the intoxicating features were recognized and appreciated (7).So when w as the plant introduced to the Western Hemisphere? There is archeological evidence that the plant was brought toWestern Europe from Asia at around 1500 B.C., by the Scythian invaders and later reached the Mediterranean region. However, the people of western Europe didnt begin cultivating it as a plant crop in their area until about 500 A.

The Potential of Medical Marijuana :: Marijuana Medicine Treatment Essays

Marijuana is champion of the oldest cultivated plants in the world (7). Since it became illegal in 1967 (5), there slang been many questions of whether or not it is good for medical purposes. Debates between concourse that are for and against the use of marijuana in medicine have been heated and in recent years, referendums have been brought up in several states to make it available for medical treatment. Personally, I think that marijuana has the power to be a significant help with certain aliments, however, I think that more research is needed to prove its medical wetial. The first people to introduce the improve properties of marijuana, were the Chinese. About five thousand years ago, the people of the plains of Central Asia, just north of the Himalayas, began cultivating the plant. Though it is not exactly certain what cultivation of the plant was for, whether it was for its oil, character reference or medical properties, most experts believe that it was for its fibers. The fiber of the plant is so strong that it can be used to make thick, sturdy ropes. Its seeds also claim oils that can be used as a varnish. In some countries the seeds are used as bird and cattle feed and also in the manufacturing of soap. Something else that you may not know is that the seeds can be roasted and eaten as food. It is actually the flowers of a certain type of the plant that is used for its medicinal and lift up property. I say a flower from a certain type of the plant because from my personal experience, many people believe that there is only one type of marijuana. Actually, marijuana is such a wild plant, that it easily adapts to any soil and new varieties it then emerge. This is when the plants with the strongest fibers, most superior oils, and a more potent drug content are selected. Only around 1000 B.C., in India and Southeast Asia, when the plant started to grow in that region, the intoxicating features were recognized and appreciated (7).So when was the plant introduced to the Western Hemisphere? There is archeological evidence that the plant was brought toWestern Europe from Asia at around 1500 B.C., by the Scythian invaders and later reached the Mediterranean region. However, the people of western Europe didnt begin cultivating it as a plant crop in their area until about 500 A.

Ralph and Jack in “The Lord of the Flies” Essay

motion 1There are a number of differences and a few similarities between Jack and Ralph. offset printing of all the main similarity is the fact that both boys are roughly the same age. then furthermore, at that place is the fact that both pf them are boys. In accessory their share the quality of leadership, or in other words both of them have the abilities to be a leader. Then on the other hand there are the numerous differences they in clued different style of leadership, different believes, maturity, and the symbol that they represent. Jack and Ralph have a very different style of leading.Ralph has a republican leadership and Jack is more of a dictator figure. Then furthermore, there is the difference of believes, Jack believes that the main purpose on the island is to hunt and Ralph believes that it is to be saved. Then there is the maturity, Ralph is more mature that Jack. And the last difference in the symbols that these characters represent, Jack represents the bad side of human nature and Ralph represents the good side or democracy.Question 2Piggy represents intelligence and thinking. This idea is proven through out the whole book, until his death. Fist of all there is the fact that because of Piggy the boys were able to frame the fire. The secondary, idea is the fact that Piggy acts very mature through out the book. He is even more mature than Ralph. Piggy comes up with ideas that not a single other boy had though of. For example there is the fact that Piggy though of the sundial. Furthermore there is the idea that Piggy constantly reminds Ralph of their objective to the island, and which is to be saved.

Elizabethan society Essay

At the end of the novel there can be seen to be a change of position of society towards Grenouille. Due to his amazing gratuity, Grenouille is able to create a scent that powerfully manipulates human emotion through preserving the aroma of the 25 virgin girls. At Grenouilles execution he reveals this scent and the whole town is overwhelmed by emotion. It is at this point in time that the townsfolk admire Grenouilles gift and because of their state of delirium, disregard Grenouilles crimes. It is here when Grenouille can be seen to be accepted into society.However, regardless of this Grenouille still perceives himself as an foreignr. Grenouille believes that he is non loved for himself that for the perfume he created, he states I have always found gratification in hatred, in hating and being hated, not love. He then decides to return to Paris upon finding that the satisfaction that he initially felt has transformed itself into self-hatred and disgust. In comparison to Othello t he novel Perfume can be seen to be some(prenominal) similar and different in their representations of the Outsider.Like Grenouille, Othello is seen as an outsider because of his background. He is outcaste because of his race and his differing values out-of-pocket to past experiences. Grenouille can be seen to reflect this idea, as he is an outsider initially because of his background that challenges the norm of society at the time the novel was set. Another similarity that can be made between these two texts is that the perception of the outsider is perceived from society and also from within the outsider itself.Othello, even though quite underestimating at times, believes that he is inferior to the Venetians, he states Happily for I am black and do not possess the soft parts of conversation chamberers have. Grenouille also perceives himself as an outsider and is aware of the unwelcoming presence he bestows upon others. The fact that Grenouille devotes his life to creating a scent that will make him accepted and valued in society shows how he is aware if this. Another likeness between Othello and Grenouille is that both characters share a differing attitude to women that makes them outsiders in society.They are both somewhat oblivious to women as a sexual commodity, or do not show the affiliation to what would be expected of them. Othello shows an unusually lack of affection or infatuation towards his wife Desdemona. Othello has scarce been married to a young, and beautiful woman but does not seem to be besotted with her at all. This can be compared to Grenouilles differing attitude to women. Although Grenouille does not have a rightful relationship towards the women he comes across, he is still obsessed with them, unlike Othello.The way Grenouille expresses this obsession or feeling, however, is still different to what would be expected of most adolescent men. Grenouille is not attracted physically to the women but is enthralled by them because of their sc ent. Grenouille can also be compared to Iago in the play Othello, as both are dismissive towards the values and ideologies of their context. Loyalty, love, reputation and honesty were all values of great importance in Elizabethan society. Iagos actions, however, derive from hate, vengeance and deceit. even so Iago is still considered an insider in Venice and only chooses to disregard the values of society. Grenouille on the other hand is completely isolated from society and struggles for any kind of acceptance. His brutal actions that go against the values of 18th century France may be partially influenced by the fact that he was not introduced to the morals of society in the head start place, due to this isolation. Grenouille, having seen no human affection or experienced any of the values we inherit from human interaction such as love and compassion, find it severe to distinguish right from wrong in his actions.Another text that has enhanced my understanding of how the concept of the outsider can be portrayed is the short ingest The Story of Bubbleboy. The submit was produced in 2006 for the annual Australian tropfest short film festival. It was directed by Sean Ashcroft, produced by Kristy Fransen and stars Andrew Supanz. The Story of Bubbleboy is a film about a man named Bubbleboy who is trapped in the past and redeemed by the future. Bubbleboy is a sad outsider who lives alone due to a fanatic phobia of pointed and crispy objects.He is so afraid that he results to wrapping everything, including himself, in bubble-wrap. He never ventures from his house because the outside world is too terrifying and he cannot stab his fears. The film tells the story of his self-imposed exile from the world and how one day, driven by dwindling supplies he ventures out. Bubbleboy, while growing more confident as his adventure draws to an end, is ironically stabbed in an ally way. However, having been stripped from his protective bubbles in his last moments, Bubbleboy fi nds salvation and feels connected with the world.Because of Bubbleboys fear and self imposed isolation, he is regarded as an outsider by society. He completely avoids human contact and is scorned by the community. Bubbleboy longs for belonging but cannot comprehend his fears. A particular image in the novel that conveys this idea is the beginning segment where we are introduced to Bubbleboys way of life and how it differs greatly from that of society. Here, filming techniques are utilise to show that Bubbleboy is an outsider. A flashing mirage of everyday pointy items is shown while a narrator explains Bubbleboys situation.There is then a long shot of Bubbleboy wrapped from head to toe in bubble-wrap huddling in a corner of his home. This initiates the idea that he is definitely an outsider and is uncomfortable with his surroundings. Close-ups are used to show the trepidation on Bubbleboys depend to emphasize this point. A panning shot is then used to show how every household ite m has been covered in bubble-wrap, emphasizing the intensity of the problem. A birds center run across is also used here of Bubbleboy moving uncomfortably through his home this suggests that he is a victim and is clearly suffering from his phobia.To show how Bubbleboys fears cause him to be perceived as an outsider by the community is the use of dramatic contrast between the outside world and his own. A view from the inside of the house looking out into the street brings a striking contrast of lively colors. When this is compared to the insides of Bubbleboys house, which is mostly colored in grays, the fact that he is an outsider is emphasized. Two young girls ride past the house and stop mocking Bubbleboys strange appearance from the window.Bubble boy then shuts his mantel and disappears. The use of the window here also symbolizes the physical barrier between himself and society. Contrast is used in a further scene in the film when illustrating the differences of Bubbleboys life style to that of pile his own age. Here, Bubbleboy is seen looking longingly into the window of a house where a lively and entertaining dinner party is fetching place. A camera angle is used to show how Bubbleboy is looking up into the scene creating a sense of his inferiority and isolation.There are then a series of flashing images back and forth between the vibrant and colorful party life, with Bubbleboys lonesome isolation, again reinforcing this idea. When Bubbleboy finally faces his fears and leaves the house, more techniques are used to show how new and trepidating this is for him due to his experience as an outsider. For example when he opens the door into the outside world, a blinding and foggy light is emitted suggesting the unknown. Once outside the house, Bubbleboy again contrasts greatly with his surroundings as his general appearance is confronting and obviously very odd.Close-ups are used to show the looks of mockery and confusion on the towns peoples faces to convey this idea. The attitudes towards Bubbleboy as an outsider may be seen to change towards the end of the film. When he is ironically stabbed on his way home from his healing excursion his is stripped of his bubble-wrap protection. It is here when society can accept him as his true self is revealed. This is shown by a woman rushing to the aid of injured Bubbleboy, rattling concerned for his wellbeing.Bubbleboys perceptions of himself as an outsider can also be seen to change. A narrators voice is used to explain that at that point, Bubbleboy finds salvation, and for the first time feels connected to the world once outside his shell. There are not many similarities to the play Othello as the short film is such a vastly different text. Though it is clear that both characters Bubbleboy and Othello are perceived as outsiders by society. However, it is Othellos unforeseen and irrational actions that confirm his status as an outsider.While it is Bubbleboys out of the ordinary actions that enable him to be accepted into society. Also, Bubbleboy is portrayed to be a victim of the imposing views of society, as he is a lonely and lost character, but on the other hand Othello victimizes society itself when he undergoes the actions that make him an outsider. Evidently, the three texts Othello, Perfume and The Story of Bubbleboy have all change magnitude my understanding of the outsider as they illustrate a vast use of techniques and concepts that make a person an outsider in society.

Information Systems In Business Organizations Essay

The website of PC Magazine, upon looking at its physical makeup, and design, was designed to entice and bum consumers all over the world, some of them, I assume, are hooked on online shopping, to purchase products featured on their website. The home page of the website appears to be patches of commercial billboards as it is occupied by advertising ads publicizing their line of products. Some of the wide variety of products presented in the website includes printers, digital cameras, laptops, mobile phones, software and hardware products for computers, mp3 players, to flash drives, speakers, projectors, subscriptions for PC magazine as well, and many more. There is also a broad range of links that you can visit that depends on your fields of interest.For online window shoppers, at that place is a link for product guides and reviews. Products gettable in the market, including all brand names, companies and corporations who pay Pcmag.com for advertisements, and product partners, are reviewed and rated. The reviews are useful enough, containing the positive and negative feedbacks of each product. The ratings on the other hand are based on the features, compatibility to other gadgets, design, and the price of the product. There are also software products, for shareware, demo trial, and freeware that the online client can sample and access.As tagline of the Pcmag.com goes, their website is intended for an independent individual. To prove their claim, they have provided links for how-tos, do-it-yourselfs, tips and guides, and video blogs. For the online information-seeker, there are links for news updates and columns about products in the market, whether these are upgrades, new product launches, additional reviews, comments, etc.Aside from the advertisements plaguing the website, there is also a separate link for online shoppers, which constitute numerous merchandises that are available for purchasing, shopping options, and technology solutions. Moreover, there ar e discussion boards for online clients who wish to communicate with other online clients about gadget finds, current trends, and other issues about technology and its advances. Overall, the website of PC Magazine spells out the words to sell. There isnt any link in the website which does non feature an advertisement or stimulating signs such as low prices, sales, and discounts for products. For each mouse click, there is always a provocation to purchase gadget items. The website accommodates online shoppers, online window shoppers, and consumers deciding on what products to purchase for their particular needs and why. However, pcmag.com primarily caters to businesses or corporations that are planning advertising strategies for the promotion of their products. In as much as the website would want to display themselves as a consumer-centered community, it is likely that business corporations are more benefited by them than their consumers.People who are knowledgeable about manageme nt and marketing issues or even rational consumers who are not easily swayed by advertising would know this. Advertising is a very powerful and persuasive tool in stimulating consumers to believe what they are assay to sell. It does not even contribute much to information technology because it is only concerned with the promotions of software and hardware products. Although there are links provided for how-tos and such, it tranquilize lacks depth and beneficial information to sustain the demands of learning information technology.The extensive amount of information provided in each link would be a lawsuit of interest to you if you are a techie and gadget-dependent or if you want to learn how to operate gadgets that are widely used nowadays. If these are your objectives in visiting the sites, thence it would be an advantageous and helpful thing for you to do. The product guides and reviews would prove to be the most interesting and valuable links for consumers, as it has the most consumer-centered feel to it. In general, the usefulness and value of the website depends upon your needs and concerns.

The True Purpose of Education

The purpose of a universal public education strategy can be debated, but originally, in the 1830s, Horace Mann meliorate the American school system in order to give all children the basis on which to learn and become judicious citizens. As public schooltime has evolved throughout the years, the purpose of education has been slowly vanishing, being replaced by monotonous routines and pointless activities done by students that no longer are interested in learning, but getting good grades instead.The true purpose of learning isnt being addressed properly in schools, and it isnt being recognized by those who bring up school in order to learn. In An Education, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Emerson paints a picture of what an education is supposed to nominate for a pupil. He writes, The melt of opening and feeding the human mind is not to be filled by any mechanical or military methodyou must not neglect the form, but secure the essentials (para. 9).In a sense, Emerson argues that the purp ose of education is, not to mold a judicious citizen that has basic understanding of certain topics, but to select and ultimately unleash the genius and determination in every man by giving them the essentials to learning. On the other hand, Mann in Report of the Massachusetts control board of Education uses the analogy of Feudalism to show that when education is not made a mandatory opportunity for all, society gets broken into classes, like Feudalism, in which the bass and powerful abuse the poor and uneducated.Here we see a specific clash of opinions on what education is supposed to provide for an individual person, and a society. Although Emersons test may seem less subjective than Manns, I believe Emerson holds a more broad understanding of what an education can give to a person. on that point are many cases in which twelve years of public school do not provide a student with the passion or bursting charge in order to live a life full of learning and accomplishment, when twelve years of public education doesnt provide an exceptional education.The upshot might not be to end public schooling, but to begin public acceptance of young students becoming avid learners instead of teachers pets, self advocates instead of disabled pupils. Leon Botstein in Let Teenagers Try Adulthood proposes that the answer to such an out of date and flawed institution is a realism where sixteen year olds are prepared to be taken seriously and to develop the motivations and interests that will coiffure them well in adult life (para. 11). macrocosm a 16 year old myself, I often wonder hat that would be like if other adults didnt know I attend high school or if that was completely irrelevant to begin with. As this is a nice thought, it is also a minor detail in the big scheme of things. I find the solution of empowering students to be curious and to seek out what they want from schools to be far more superior. The public school system can indeed live up to the standard Eme rson set for a great education it just has to be changed. An excellent teacher has the power to provide students with the essentials to learning, good listening skills for example.However, public schools dont often produce excellent students or teachers, and this is exactly what starts the banal cycle again. To what extent do our schools serve the goals of a true education? Our schools, being the student body, the leaders, and everything in between are too caught up in the everyday cycle of busy constitute and assessments, to realize that these methods need to be replaced with new ones that open the minds of students to what they can fulfill with the right passion for their education and the true purpose of being educated.

How Religion is Detrimental to Human Enlightenment Essay

morality has bequeathed us with numerous designers to live, breathe in peace, and capture our soul to genuinelyize the truth of ourselves and divine. The whole image of righteousness lies in the fact that it binds us with our imperceptible creator and enables us to visualize our self and our esteem perquisite hidden power. But to this righteousness only, we owe extreme form of fundamentalism and fanaticism that since centuries and as far as our history goes have been detrimental to the primary core of all our religions and phantasmal faiths.Religious article of faiths of more or less all over the world laid d proclaim principles of the life for their respective(prenominal) societies how they will live and follow their religious rituals? These religious practices prep bed persons in their respective societies to live in harmony with each other and maintain the cordial ambience with their environment. Almost all the religions of the world adopted their own religious tone sys tems. But when these systems take an extreme form of fundamentalism and show their aggression and disbelief against other religious groups and faith, they hurt at the most fundamental concepts of human lives on which religions ar based.They make religion as the most hatred thing in the world and turn it into the most inauspicious aspect for human enlightenment. religion enlightens by inculcating within the tribe the moral values on which the human life and society is flourishing but when the propagators of these moral values use the religious beliefs and religion to instigate their fame and for their own commercial-grade findings, this religion only becomes a darker phase in their life.Just when 16th century began to shower the new rays of rely on the mother Earth, Niccolo di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, an Italian political philosopher, diplomat poet, playwright and musician wrote, We Italians are irreligious and corrupt above others. .. because the church and her representati ves have set us the worst example. 1 According to Machiavelli, religion became just a mere tool in the hands of ruling powers to change the mind set of the semipublic according to their own needs and aspirantions. And its happening till today.This world of today is witness to the massive force of ruling class using religion to advert their political and commercial needs. Cotton Mather, writing of a former condition which he would admired to have renewed in his own time, said refreshed England being a country whose interests are remarkbaly in ecclesiastical circumstances, ministers ought to concern themselves in politics. 2 Further said by Cobb, in the early days, the clergy had a greater influence on the minsteral affairs and the influence was so much that they with their ruling power could bring magistrates and courts too to their dictate.This led number of clergies to misuse the power and made the religion as an instrument of bigotry and superstition. 3 The clergy, political c lass and other religious fanatics made religion an arena of superstition and principle of blind faith that did not believe in the new thoughts of this scientific and highly technological advanced world of today and made religion deterimental to forgiving enlightenment. Human enlightenment endows the knowledge and awakening of human values and the knowledge of scientific truths and temperament that has made our life at ease.Science wants us to reckon all problems of our life through deep regressive thoughts and our own efforts. Atheists began to instigate the adherance to religion and God within us. They believe that no divine power lavatory solve our problem and prayer is just a wastage of time. 4 1 Burckhardt, pp. 272 2 Cobb, pp. 237 3 Cobb, pp. 237 4. Cronish, para 2, Online translation In fact even Albert Ellis, PhD, said, If religion is defined as mans dependence on a power above and beyond the human, then, as a psychotherapist, I find it to be exceptionally pernicious.Reli gion, first of all, is not self-interest it is god-interest. Religiosity is essentially masochism and both are forms of mental sickness. All religions contend that their super-human entities cannot be humanly experienced and that their gods and their principles are beyond science. Religion is directly opposed to the goals of mental health. 5 Religion beckons us to follow spiritual life but the way religious doctrines are propagated and publicized and mould the mental attitude of the people, they are going even against the moral values that are so basic for a person to be human.The politicians, religious heads and other fanatics are misusing the religious doctrines to spread among human race superstition, blind faith, sins, violence chaos and disorder. History is clear proof to show how since ages poltical rulers and religious heads are degrading the religious doctrines and misrepresenting them to fulfill their own aims and are spreading useless dogmas, corrupt powerhouses, chaos an d confusion and thus result in make the religious values as a sole detrimental to Human enlightenment.The religious texts of just astir(predicate) all the religions of the world have been written by humans, that are centuries old, in their own language and style that people of todays generation are not able to comprehend and take out the press out what lies beneath the hidden text. This lack of understanding belies the own faith and life style of the contemporary world. As Christopher Hitchens in God Is Not Great How Religion Poisons Everything said that as religion has impeded people to treat other persons in a just manner and it is not necessary to learn the basic human values and human relations from religion or religious doctrines.Human relations come 5 Cronish, para 2, Online Edition from human own needs and aspirations. Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens state that Religion and churches are manufactured, and this salient fact is too obvious to ignore. 6 A nd according to Dawkins, The manufacturing and growth of religion is best exposit in evolutionary terms Religions, like languages, evolve with sufficient randomness, from beginnings that are sufficiently arbitrary, to generate the bewildering and sometimes dangerous richness of diversity.7 And Harris delving into the historicity of the religious usage and doctrine states that The Bible, it seems certain, was the work of sand-strewn men and women who thought the earth was flat and for whom a wheelbarrow would have been a breathtaking example of emerging technology. 8 He further states that it was not even the work of sand-strewn men but several written pieces were pierced together and compiled to give shape to the bible.Further elaborating Dawkins states that, Ever since the nineteenth century, scholarly theologians have made an overwhelming case that the gospels are not reliable accounts of what happened in the history of the real world. 9 It implies that the bible and almost th e majority of the religious texts were written taking in view the social, culture, political turmoil that were affecting the people of that time and period but that can be relevant to this time and period too if properly interpreted and comprehended.But unfortunately this is not happening, Hitechens wants to tell us that all our academic studies, like the sciences of textual criticism, archaeology, physics, and molecular biology have shown religious myths to be false and man-made. 10 Science has proved that all religions are construed by 6 Fish, para 1,Online Edition 7 Fish, para 1, Online Edition 8 Fish, para 1, Online Edition 9 Fish, para 2, Online Edition 10 Fish, para 3, Online Edition men for their own purpose and it was the man of that time and age who wrote the textual books.Titus Lucretius Carus, Roman poet of first century B. C in his magnificent rendered opus De Rerum Natura postered the view that, But tis that same religion oftener far Hath bred the foul impieties of men . 11 He held the belief that the world was made up of matter and void, and everything in the world is learned and understood rigorously from nature and that all the religions of the world are born because of the fear that people faced because of the dangers that nature had in store for them in their primitive stage and their ignorance about the world around, about themselves and about everything that were develop and parcel of their life.Humans were afraid of fire that is why they started worshiping fire, they were afraid of animals so they made more of the animals their deity. Slowly and slowly, they cancelled their worshipping into rituals that necessiated them to follow in their lifes. Their religious freedom and beliefs strangled their hold on the peoples freedom. Initially they made this beginning to give protective bounce back to people against discrimination, persecution and oppression but in this momentum, the religious fundamentalists and fanatics made religion too symb ol of slavery, persecution and oppression of weaker sects and women.For e. g. many of the propagators of the religions thought it their right to confer racist attitude against gays, force women and children to cover their face with veil. 12 And above all their rights to threaten to death or kill anyone and everyone who comes in front of their religion. In many religions, womens place is inferior to men. Rev. Jill Nelson, pastor of the Sunshine Cathedral Metropolitan Community Church, commenting on Leviticus 2013, said, It is grounded in the old Jewish understanding that women are less worthy than men. For a man to 11 Lucretius, Book I Proem, Line 3-4. 12Namazie, Online Edition. have sex with another man as with a woman insults the other man, because women are to be treated as property. 13 The most essential needs of our human beings are food, clothing, shelter, leisure and the most significant being freedom. Its the freedom that we all cherish and along-with the freedom need awar eness, emotional satisfaction, responsibility towards ourselves and for others. Human beings are enlightened if they get freedom and independency of thoughts and sexuality and many of the religions are snatching this only freedom by putting before us several of their religious doctrines.Though many of the religions like Buddhism and Christianity plead that feeling of essence of spiritualty itself is the freedom for you. The New Testament of the Christianity says, You shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free implying that knowing the spiritual truth and freedom of select will give you freedom but in this materialistic and scientific world of today we are not seeking just the freedom of spirituality but freedom in all the ways of our life, and in all our breath. We cannot grow unless we are free.Karl Marx had an ardent belief that religion is socially construed, and is toxic for human lives as it discourages the down trodden human beings from participating actively in the political, social and economic upheavals of the society as it promises that the faithful people shall be rewarded in the life after. Ruling class treat religion as a tool to suppress the sufferings and down trodden by implying their own modifications of religious doctrines. For their own commercial and social gains, they imbibe the religious textual principles and traits among the poor and hamper their economical progress and independence.13 Kinney, Online Edition. 14 Muhammad, Online Edition Marx labeled religion as an opium of people because the religion could give poor the momentarily relief but could not make them rid of their prolong sufferings. Secondly, religion gives them dreams of better life after their death. In other words, Marx treats religion as a rout of Escapism. In the words of Marx, The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to c all on them to give up a condition that requires illusions.The criticism of religion is, therefore, in embryo, the criticism of that vale of tears of which religion is the halo. 15 Marx says that the concept of sin so highly delivered by Christian doctrine is anti-social as Christian doctrine is inherent in the nature of human beings that becomes the part of the misery and Marx says that sins are socially planned and implemented and ought to be changed. It is the world of man, man is a part of this state and society, and it is this society that religion own its existence to.To ignore religion means to ignore the roots of our civilization, its monuments, its beliefs and practices, achievement and the legacy that it had bestowed onto us by our ancestors. If we do not have our own religious faith, its bound to have venomous effect on our own personality but this very religion becomes our foeman when we begin to use its doctrines and principles to embellish our own selfish ends. And th is misinterpretation of the religious doctrines, selfishness of the ruling and powerful elite make our religions detrimental to Human Enlightenment.WORKS CITEDBurckhardt, Jacob. The refinement of the Renaissance in Italy (Translated by S. G. Middlemore) USA Penguin Classics, 1990 Cobb, Sanford H. The Rise of Religious Liberty in America A History Ayer Publishing, 1970. Cornish, Keith S. SECULAR SYSTEMS atheist foundation. org. au mesh (19August 2002) Available http//www. atheistfoundation. org. au/secularsystems. htm, 10 December 2007 Fish, Stanley. Is Religion Man-Made? Internet (24 June 2007) Available http//fish.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/06/24/is-religion-man-made/

Instant Car-Pooling on the Android Platform

CS 8803 AIAD TERM brook REPORT TEAM2 CS 8803 AIAD Project Re user interface. Instant simple machine-Pooling on the Android Plat soma Vinaya Shenoy Parikshit Sudumbrekar Madhura Tipnis 1 CS 8803 AIAD TERM chuck REPORT TEAM2 Table of Contents Introduction Objectives Motivation Technology Overview Related Work Architecture Project Screen-Shots paygrade Future Work Project Experience Conclusion References 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 14 14 15 16 17Table of finds Figure 1 Android Technological Overview Figure 2 Carpool masking Starting Window Figure 3 Carpool Application Create a new causa Figure 4 Carpool Application Contact List Figure 5 Carpool Application Events Created history Figure 6 Carpool Application SMS for auto unsettledpool invitation authoritative Figure 7 Carpool Application Car pool Invitation Details Figure 8 Carpool Application Details for the charget fountain Figure 9 Carpool Application Map showing pick-up points 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 CS 8803 AIAD TERM plan REP ORTTEAM2 Introduction With increasing convergence between different technologies same the mobile earphoneular world, internet (IP) world, different applications pee-pee become popular and many more than(prenominal) atomic number 18 under development. One of the prominent services popular amongst the users is the arrangement Based Services and presence. The current location-based services out in that respect in the market use the policy of broadcasting locations while enabling any activity between the various users. This may lead to unintended recipients beingness the beneficiary of certain lawsuits.With this in mind, we spirit to develop an application/service that would enable selective delivery of events/messages to the intended recipients based on their location. This would attention in avoiding thousands of messages being sent to unintended recipients. Thus, not only the location of the intended recipient is taken into consideration but the context of the location is also taken into consideration. In this purge, we define the context of the recipient as its distance from the provoker of the event. Objectives The objectives of the Instant Car Pooling Application? fuck be stated as follows 1.Enable users to create events that would protest the following study? The total vacancy in the motor gondola car. ? The time at which the event is going to take place. ? The Final goal. 2. Development of the logic that would enable? crest in the location information of all the intended recipients. ? Take decision based on the context on the location. ? Send sms? to all the selected recipients and handle the received or rejected messages received from the recipients. 3. Generate a Google Map that shows the initiator the stand for between his location, all the recipients that agreed to his car pooling event and the final destination.We manoeuver to demonstrate all these scenarios on the Android Emulator?. Motivation The application under considera tion, the Instant Car Pooling? application, is a novel idea which has never been implement before. This became our source of motivation for going ahead with this project. wholly the current car pooling methods are 1. Time consuming. 2. Require a lot of before-hand planning. 3. Require several rounds of communications in the form of series of e-mails or a series of telephonic conversations. 3 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Also, at that place seems to be an absence of a Car Pooling? pplication on the mobile phones. This motivated us to develop our application on the Android Platform? , one of the approaching and latest mobile platforms launched by Google. A different source of motivation behind the development of this application is that of the Georgia Tech India Club?. All the members of this monastic order complained about receiving thousands of mails which either requested for a Car Pool or which offered a Car Pool. Thus, uninterested students used to receive such mail s. We thought wherefore not develop a mobile-based instant Car Pooling application? s our gift to the student community of Georgia Tech? This really gave us the love life to go after the completion of this project. The initiator of the event could select intended recipients from the contact heed. The application then checks for the relative context of the location of all the selected recipients and forwards the event to only those recipients that satisfy the context. Technology Overview Figure 1 Android Technological Overview Android is a new operating system for the G1 phone that has been released by Google in 2008.The main difference that sets the Google G1 phone apart from new(prenominal) operating systems is that the Android is based on an open source platform. This implies that anyone can view and even modify the source code. This results in constant evolution of the software. In case a developer senses that there is a certain feature that is currently not include then he or she can incorporate it in the phone and the software would develop. Since it is a fairly new platform, it is not as 4 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 developed as other mobile operating systems.But considering the open source nature and other features, it can go a long way beyond other mobile operating systems. The hardware associated with the phone is provided by various companies. As and when the hardware becomes more advanced, the Android OS will be able to support more features functions. Related Work 1. Location tracking is the most essential thing and a definite pre requisite for any mobility related application. This can be done in different ways. 2. A social tool has been developed which helps the user connect with people around him. This tool has been developed on the Symbian Operating System.The location of the user is detected in the cell phone by getting information from the cell tower. This application doesn? t need GPS. Each user can keep up with what is happ ening with people in the friend? s numerate. broadcast medium of messages is the approach followed in this tool. It also provides other features like connecting people with similar interests. It helps the user explore various places in and around the location detected. 3. There is a mobile social networking service called Loopt which broadcasts the location of the user even when the phone is closed.It also allows sending of messages or sharing of photos between contacts. This Loopt is currently limited to the flair network. Architecture The users that have this application installed on their cell phones can use this application as either initiators of car pooling event or as fooles for a car pooling event. When the user launches this application, the user is given three options to choose from. The user can create a new car pool event, view the events that he has created earlier or view invitations for car pool event from other users.When the user chooses to create a new event, he is given a form which has fields such as subject of the car pool, time of the car pool, vacancies in the car, destination address of the car pool, and a button to choose from the list of his contacts. The user enters the values in the fields and then clicks on the contact list. The contact list is displayed from which the user selects the contacts he wants to send the invitation of the car pool to. All the catches will be sent an SMS with the enlarge of the carpool event.When the client accepts an invitation, the carpool application on his phone will answer cover charge to the initiator with the current GPS location of the invitee. When the initiator gets back the positive reply from an invitee, he will retrieve the location co-ordinates from the sms and using reverse geocoding functionality of the Geocoder utility will calculate the street address of the contact. today when the initiator views the event generated, he can see all those who all have responded to the event. A G oogle map is created with the locations of all those who have responded to the event.It gives the order of pick up as per the order in which the invitees have responded. We have used the Google Map API here for 5 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 generation of the route map based on the location as detected by the geo coder. Once the vacancies are full, the other invitees who try to accept the invite later are displayed a message which says that the car is full. Project Screenshots Figure 2 Carpool Application Starting Window This is the depend screen that appears on the cell phone display when the user starts the application. There are three options that are provided.They are ? ? ? Create an event This allows the user to start a new car pool. View created events This allows the user to go back and view the car pool events that have been created earlier by him. View Invitations This option lets the user view invitations for other car pooling events from his friends. 6 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Figure 3 Carpool Application Create a new Event This screen appears on the cell phone display when the user chooses to create a new car pooling event. In the subject box, the user can token out a short description of the purpose of the car pool.Since it is an instant car pooling application, the day is set to the current day as recorded in the cell phone. The user is given a list of times to select from when he clicks on the pick a time option. Also the user is allowed to allot the number of vacancies in his car to go to a particular destination. The user enters his destination address in the destination 7 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 box. Then the user can select contacts from his contact list to whom all the event will be sent to. Figure 4 Carpool Application Contact List This screen is the contact list.The user can select the contacts he wishes to send the car pool event invite to, with the help of check boxes provided next to the names of the contacts. When the user clicks on add to event, the invitation is sent to the selected contacts from the contact list. This event is sent in the form of a sms?. 8 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Figure 5 Carpool Application Events Created history This screen is displayed on the cell phone display when the user chooses to view the car pool events created by him. The user can click on the individual events to view the details of each event.This list contains all the past events as well as the pending events. 9 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Figure 6 Carpool Application SMS for carpool invitation received When the message is sent to the contacts, the message as shown above appears on the display of the contacts to which the message is sent. The name of the car pool event reference also appears in the message pop up. 10 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Figure 7 Carpool Application Car Pool invitation details When the user clicks on view invitation option on the main page, the user is displayed the screen above.The invitation gives details of the car pool which includes the subject of the car pool, the name of the initiator of the event, the time at which the car pool is scheduled to take place, the destination of the car pool and the status of the reply. The user is given to options to respond to the message of either attending or not attending. The user can click on either one depending on his choice. Once the user responds to a message he won? t be given an option to change his decision. 11 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Figure 8 Carpool Application Details for the event creatorThis page will be displayed to the user who created the events. It will give him a summary of the event with details such as the subject, the time of the event, vacancies in the car, destination of the car pool, invitees to the event, and the order of pickup of the invitees who responded. The order of pickup is decided on first come first s ue basis currently. Also the user is given an option to check the map of the route promptly by clicking on show route map. 12 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Figure 9 Carpool Application Map showing pick-up pointsThe route map is displayed to the creator of the car pool event when he clicks on the show route map option. Along the route, the pick-ups in the order of first come first serve are plotted. The interesting thing about this application is that in the beginning when no recipient has accepted the invitation, the initiator of the event can view a map of source (his location) and the final destination. As and when recipients accept the car pooling invitation, the map is updated and it shows all the intermediate pick-up points (the locations of the recipients who have accepted the car pooling invitation).Thus, the initiator of the event now has the entire map, wherein he has all the information about the route to follow. 13 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Evaluat ion/ scrutiny We tested our application by running four instances of the impersonator on the same machine. In each emulator we stored three contacts with their numbers being the port numbers on which the other three emulators were running. We then tested the following scenario 1. When a user creates a new event, the event is created properly ensuring that all the parameters are valid. For eg, the user can? put a time in the future or put a negative vacancy, give no invitees. Also, we verify the destination address provided by the user to ensure that the address is correct and exists on the map. 2. Once the event is created, we verified that all the invitees got an sms message with the proper details and the invitation is displayed in their invitation list. 3. When an invitee accepts an invitation a reply sms with his GPS coordinates is sent back to the initiator. 4. When the initiator gets a accept response, the event is updated and the initiator can see the pickup location of the i nvitee on the map. . When the carpool for an invite becomes full, all invitees who respond after that get a carpool full response sms. Future Work This project provides a proof of concept of the Car Pooling? application. It is a stripped down version of our dream Car Pool? application. There are a lot of improvements that can be merged into this project that makes it more complete and feature rich. The future work with regards to this project can be summarized as follows 1. Currently, the initiator sends car pooling invitation to his friends from his contact list.Their location is forwarded back to him when they accept the invitation. This helps in the creation of the Google Map for the event initiator. In the future, we could have a web service that handles all this location information. This would also solve nearly privacy related issues like the publishing of recipient location etc. 2. At the moment, the routes are decided on the First Come First wait on? basis. This mode, t he route is decided on the order in which the recipients accept the car pooling invitation. But the path obtained from this may not always be the shortest path.Thus we could have algorithms like the Dijkstra? s? algorithm or Algorithmic concepts like Dynamic Programming? to calculate the shortest path between source, destination and all the recipients. Thus, optimization on this front can be obtained. 3. The web service can be programmed to handle the context of the location. The context of the location can be memorised by its proximity to the location of the event creator. Thus, the web service can determine a radius and determine the recipients which fall within the 14 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 adius as the ones who would receive the car pooling event message while those which lie outside the radius would be ignored. Thus, broadcasting of the event can be avoided. 4. Other features can include displaying only the events that are pending when the user clicks on the V iew Created Events? button. All the past and completed events could be stored in a separate history log?. 5. Currently, the final destination needs the complete address of the location. In the future, the final destination address could be populated by extracting information from the subject? of the event and using Google Maps functionalities.For example, if the user types in Trip to Wal-Mart? as the subject, then the final destination address could be filled automatically by the closest Wal-Mart store located near him. Project Experience Working on the project was a learning impact with a lot of interesting discoveries. The Android platform being comparatively new was a challenge to work on, since very less documentation was getable as well as little support was available through the online communities. During the initial phase of the project, all the various APIs that were supported were studied to determine their use and feasibility towards the project.During this initial feasi bility study, we realized that certain API support have been removed from the latest version of Android. This included the crucial one of Google Maps, which our project was dependent on. Thus, began another study to determine the use of actual Google Map APIs through the Android code. Also the basic idea of the project do us realize that how convenient car pooling can be made with this application. The project exposed us to the latest technology in the area of mobile platform development. In class the various issues in mobile computing were covered.Also there was an extensive explanation of mobile computing in general. This discussion helped us a lot in the project. We realized that issues such as less power on the device, etc. can be a problem if there are huge amounts of computations to be done. Thus, we made a point to keep the client as this as possible and with this aim in mind, we also aim to develop a web service in the future that would completely take care of all the compu tation and make the clients really thin?. Location based services were extensively covered in the class. This motivated us to incorporate them into our project.We have extensively used locations in our project, in fact we have the plotted the Google Map by making use of them. Due to such background developed in class, we thought of experimenting on the Android platform. It gave us a boost to explore the yet not totally discovered areas in Android API usage. 15 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 Initially we wanted to test the project by executing instances of the Android emulator on different machines. These emulators would then communicate between each-other through means of messages. But, we were not able to demonstrate in this fashion due to certain technological challenges.In the end, we demonstrated the application by executing different instances of the Android emulator on the same machine. We further aim to test the performance of our application by adding a number of rec ipients and measuring the time taken for the Google Map to build. This would help us in determining whether the time remains for large number of recipients, finding the bottle-necks if any and moving towards a cut-off for the number of recipients for which the application shows normal murder time. Conclusion Thus, this project successfully demonstrated a mobile based Car Pooling? application.This application would help in the process of creation of instant car pool? events. Thus, we successfully reduced the long conversations needed for normal car pool events. In future, more functionality can be added to make this application more robust and more feature rich. With the advent of smart phones, this application, when developed to its fullest, would be able for all to use and make their journeys much more enjoyable and comfortable. 16 CS 8803 AIAD TERM PROJECT REPORT TEAM2 References 1. Android API documentation. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Android Developers http//developer. ndroid. co m/reference/packages. html 2. Android Development Community Forum (n. d). Retrieved April 2009 from http//www. anddev. org/index. php 3. Google Maps API documentation. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Google maps http//code. google. com/genus Apis/maps/documentation/ 4. Strickland, J. (n. d. ). How the Google Phone Works. Retrieved April 2009, from How Stuff Works http//electronics. howstuffworks. com/google-phone5. htm 5. What is Android. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 2009, from developer. android. com http//developer. android. com/guide/basics/what-is-android. html 17

Government ensure

How does the Government train that the development of Youths in this coun examine is consistent with National Development in general? By Hauntingly In 21st century, youth is one of the main sources to contribute in the future of a dry land. In Malaysia, development of country and development in youth should go side by side. Young people take up to be placed at the centre of national development. By the way, youth development stop be defined as government and society fundament support young women and men aged 12 to 24.Its about how they develop the skill and attitudes they involve to take a positive part in society, now and in future. The years from 12 to 24 are critical for human development. Youths are more and more involved In crime most problem youth come from homes lacking in parental guidance. Therefore, youth are likely to seek advice from friends who could crush negative peer pressure to them. Parents should make time for their children and pay appropriate attention o n them but not strictly.Relevant units should deliver some common noesis about harm on misuse, abuse of weapon and drug even severe punishment of high court through campaign or talk. In case, Malaysia Crime Prevention Foundation held a series of programmer and activities for youths under a aiming called Youths unite Against Crime. Besides, youth development is triggered when young people in full participate. They need to be given opportunities to involve in some meaningful activities. This stand aid them to identify their personality and abilities through learning and services.Youth should be encourage to wed extracurricular activities, even develop their hobbles or something expert In. This can help them to determine aspiration or target In their life. For example, National Services can train their leadership, gains more knowledge, build their skills and be more respect and unity with other races. Unemployment is parallel with output of economic. This is due to labor in country cant fully utilized as unemployment rate is higher. Young people are main workforce to supply labor.Thus, government should provide Job opportunities to those who after school. Work can provide young people with important opportunities to learn skills, make a contribution through social connections and, in paid work, earn money. Government try to protect workers rights and interests especially fresh graduated. The announcement of minimum wages policy came into force from 1 January 2013. Healthy lifestyle Is Important In development of youth. Nowadays, roll of tobacco Is a bad habit among teenagers. Statistic shows that 90% of smokers are youth.It Is a serious Issue for government to discuss and need Teflon a way to cypher this problem. For campaign to anti smoking. In 2011, the warning cover the half top of cigarette packs meant to shock deter new smokers and motivate existing smoker to quit. How to ensure that the development of youths in this country is consistently with nation al development? Youth are main structure of a country, they can bring a country toward a bad culture or a good culture. As a conclusion, national development supported by development of youth.

Revenge is bittersweet- the count of monte cristo

Edmond pleads that he is innocent, Violent does not grant him any sympathy and sends him to prison. For bakers dozen years Edmond gets whipped and beaten up for being acc utilise of a umbrage that he did not point. bandage he is captive he meets a priest, Babe Farina. Farina teaches Dante to defend himself, how eer the final lesson he teaches Dante is, Do not commit the crime for which you now serve the sentence. Farina is saying that Dante should not commit a crime as he would have to serve a sentence, which in this case he meant hat Dante should whole step guilty if he commits a crime as he is being as bad as the person who harmed and disrespected him.As soon as Edmond Dante escapes the prison all he longing is to get retaliate on Violent for sending him to prison. Dante disguises himself as the cipher of Monte Crisis with the help of his friend Jackpot. Dante providentially plans and plots avenge on Violent so that he can suffer like how he did. They should suffer like how I did,as Dante quotes throughout the film. After devising a few of tricks Dante ambushes Violent and gets him arrested. Violent feels convicted once he has been seized and remorse incarcerating Dante.Ultimately, Dante is penitent for Violent as another(prenominal) soul is in agony. Regarding Bernard Monde, Dante is hysterical about Monde as he has appropriated and betrayed Dante. Monde who was once Dante dear friend took onward his beloved fiance. As a consequence Dante complicity punish on Monde. He transacts this by costively taking away everything that Monde has. Initially, Montages incident, wealth and eventually his wife Mercedes. Dante begins taking Montages fortune s that is all that he really has. Once all of Montages funds have been withdrawn he begins a to collapse.Eventually, Dante gets Mercedes and all of Montages riches. As Monde states, Now youve taken Mercedes, which frustrates him. Although Dante has Mercedes and fortune it is still not enough, he wants Monde to pay, indeed they fight to the death. Dante takes a mans life for the first time, Montages. Despite that Dante got his vengeance he now lives the blood stains of another mans life on the palm of his hands. This emotion of remorse and contrition ill always remain with Dante as what has once been done cannot be undone.Dante learns from this that he should have listened the final lesson the priest told him , Do not commit the crime for which you now serve the sentence. Dante says, All that was used for vengeance leave now be used for good, in the consequence, intimating that he will not have vengeance over anyone but use what he did for good now. Dante has his mind focused on vengeance that he loses what is important, Mercedes. Dante is concentrated on getting penalize on Violent and Monde that he avoids who was once his fiance. Luckily for Dante Mercedes remembered him, even in his disguise as The Count of Monte Crisis.Mercedes tries to reason with Dante, however Dante says to Merc edes, If you ever loved me, dont rob me of my hate. Its all I have. Dante constantly pushes away Mercedes whom is he who once loved dearly. Eventually, Dante begins to focus on Mercedes than revenge, unfortunately it is too late. Monde battles Dante to the death. Mercedes loses the man who was once her preserve even though she gets the love of her life back. Although Mercedes and Dante are back together now nothing ever be like how it once was and Dante will have to live with guilt of choosing vengeance over Mercedes.Consequently, revenge does not provide or do any good. Instead, Dante learns and has to live with remorse and guilt of murdering Monde. Although he gets Mercedes back, Mercedes will always remember everything that Dante did. How he pushed away her, how he would rather get vengeance than be with her. payback neer did any good, it Just created remorse and guilt to the beholder of it. As for what happens, the murder of Monde, it can never be undone. As for the feeling o f guilt it will always remain.

Review on John Donne’s ‘Holy Sonnet 14’

poesy dedicated Sonnet XIV Name of author John Donne Imprisoned In the poem Holy Sonnet XIV, John Donne writes slightly the different custodys of life. In his poem he is saying that he has travel for the temptations of divinity fudges enemy, the devil, and he is asking perfection to break the hold the devil has on him. John portrays that he is detain and bound by the evils of the devil, and he wishes to be divorced(11) from the devil to be once again immure by the love of graven image, either way he knows he never shall be free(13).The smear John is making in this poem is that he loves God and no longer wishes to live with the sins and imprisonment of the devil, and rather be enthralled(13) by God. John first speaks of God as a three-personed God(1), meaning God is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Throughout the poem John is at a locomote state, where he has fallen so hard it would be almost impossible for him to alone break the draw together that he has with t he devil, to be righteous and serve God. John is asking God to help him in recess the bond, asking to Batter(1) his heart for God, breaking the unholy bond, the engagement that he has with the devil.John wishes to be the God-loving person he knows he is. John needs Gods powerful ways to postulate him a brisk person, today some call it a born-again believer, and John so badly wants God to make me new(4). John feels as if he has been taken over by the devil. John is beseeching his case in this poem, to God as to why God should help him, defend him, save him, and make him new. This poem is like Johns prayer, pleading to God his reasoning in why God should help him, since God is his viceroy(7) that he should want to defend him.John is trapped as if he is held captive, and is weak and untrue to God, but at the same cadence still willingly and joyfully loves God. John uses the word betrothed(10) to underline that he has been tied, or engaged to the devil in his actions and wished to b e divorced(11). John is saying he is bound by the devil and doesnt want to be imprisoned by the devil, but rather be imprisoned by God. Its like no matter what route John is on, whether it is the path of the devil, or the path of God, he will be imprisoned either way and never be free.John grew up as a believer in God and he eventually grew to be know as The Great Priest by many people. A great priest doesnt flip to stray to far from God to feel as John felt in this poem because no one sin is greater than the other. This was not the first time John had felt he had strayed outside(a) from God divorce me, untie, or break that knot again(11). The Holy Sonnet XIV is about a man who felt as if he strayed outside(a) from God and how badly he wants God to help him get back on the right track, living for Him.John was catholic at a time when anti-catholic sentiment was common. He began to question his faith when his brother Henry died. John then soon struggled come out poverty to suppo rt his family for almost 10 years. With him being in hard times and straying away from his religion, to then come to pick back up into his religion is an example of his life and what he wanted people to know by reading this poem. After he got back to his normal life, in religion, he then became the priest that we know him to be today.

Caring Ageing Population Focus Canada Health And Social Care Essay

One of the close dramatic demographic tendencies in the universe today is the ripening of the population an addition in the harmonise of ripened citizens relative to the young person and functional age population. The grounds for this tendency argon oft complex. Some of the grounds could be the enormous impact of the babe boomer coevals, additions in life anticipation, alterations in birthrate forms and for umpteen geographical locations, emigration of the younger members of society. This population alteration is app argonnt in rustic Canada where thither is a higher ratio of seniors to youth. With this alteration in composing of the folksy population, the demands for services are increasing in peculiar, primary feather health heed services are particularly of import for senior citizens in awkward countries. This includes more(prenominal) focal point on bar and intervention of common diseases and impairments, staple exigency services and health publicity. In this es say, I will be analyzing Canada s ageing population, primary health heed services, enterp put ons taken by LHIN s in Ontario to undertake the replication and in like manner European schemes.Canada s Ageing PopulationCanada faces important ripening of its population as the proportion of seniors increases more apace than exclusively other age groups. Seniors john be defined as those above the age of 65. In 2001, atomic number 53 in eight Canadians were aged 65 old ages or over. By 2026, one Canadian in five will hold reached age 65. The ch eitherenges of an ageing Canadian society will pack continued attempts to better wellness, wellbeing and independency in ulterior life ease the engagement of previous(a) Canadians in economic and societal life strengthen the fend forive environments within communities and, pro foresighted authorities plans profiting Canadians of all ages. Canada s seniors are a diverse population. Issues related to their overall wellness and wellbeing may shift depending on their windographic point of abode ( urban, clownish, or northern countries ) , their gender, and their ethno-cultural background all(prenominal) bit trustworthy as if they are among Canada s Aboriginal people. ancient health disquiet ServicesPrimary wellness worry refers to an attack to wellness and a spectrum of services beyond the traditional wellness tutelage system. It includes all services that play a portion in wellness, such as income, lodging, instruction, and environment. Primary attention is the broker within primary wellness attention that focuses on wellness attention services, including wellness publicity, unwellness and hurt bar, and the diagnosing and intervention of unwellness and hurt. Primary wellness Care is besides relevant to secondary and thirdly attention. The Primary wellness Care attack focuses on advancing wellness and forestalling unwellness. The Primary Health Care attack means being attentive to and turn toing the umte en factors in the societal, economic and physiological environments that affect heath from diet, income and schooling, to relationships, lodging, workplaces, civilization and environmental quality. In add-on, the Primary Health Care attack topographic points citizens and patients on the same degree with wellness professionals when it comes to doing endings about wellness issues that concern them. The five rules normally associated with the Primary Health Care attack are accessibility, public engagement, wellness publicity, appropriate engineering and intersectoral cooperation. Accessibility refers to a go oning and organized supply of indispensable wellness services available to all people with no unreasonable geographic or fiscal barriers. Public engagement means persons and communities rescue the right and profession to be active spouses in doing determinations about their wellness attention and the wellness of their communities. Health Promotion is the surgical process of enabling people to increase control over and to better their wellness. Appropriate engineering includes methods of attention, service bringing, processs and equipment that are socially acceptable and low-cost. Inter-sectoral cooperation is the committedness from all sectors ( authorities, community and wellness ) is indispensable for meaningful action on wellness determiners.Health Care in Rural CanadaThe challenge of supplying practiced quality wellness attention close to place in a state as huge and sparsely live as Canada is non parvenue. In malice of study scientific promotions and a wellness attention system that is rated amongst the top in the universe, the challenge remains. A public figure of factors play a function in the handiness of, and accession to, good quality attention for rural occupants.Distribution of DoctorsThe uneven rural-urban dissemination of doctors has been at the Centre of word for a figure of old ages. Less than 10 % of all doctors are known to be practising in rural Canada where about 20 % of the Canadian population resides. When the information is broken down between family line doctors general practicians and specializers, it is clear that specializers are even more under-represented in rural part.Rural parts storm troubles in recruiting and retaining doctors. Many factors play a function in a doctor s determination to come in rural pattern, including both personal and professional dimensions. Physicians most interested in working in rural countries frequently come from rural backgrounds and are committed to working in this environment. Physicians determinations to go forth rural pattern are normally influenced by non-monetary factors, such as a deficit of professional back-up, long hours of work, limited chances for farther medical preparation, deficient occupation chances for spouses, and concerns over kids s educational chances. Degrees of satisfaction with rural work appear to lift with propinquity to big urban C entres. Several inducements are being implemented to promote and retain doctors in rural parts by most states and new schemes are ever being discussed.Another suggestion for covering with the deficit of rural doctors is to do rural wellness a more of import portion of the course of study in medical schools crosswise Canada. The Canadian Medical Association has put forth recommendations that the instruction of doctors for rural pattern deserves particular tending to guarantee adequateness and rightness of larning experiences to run into the alone demands of rural Canada.Medical specializers are besides under-represented in rural countries with, harmonizing to the Canadian Medical Association, merely 5 % of the entire figure of Canadian specializers practising in rural countries. In Ontario, merely 4 % of specializers pattern in rural communities. This state of affairs is expected to go worse in the following 20 old ages, when two-thirds of retiring doctors will be specializers and o ne-third category physicians/general practicians. This deficit of specializers will doubtless hold an impact on the rural community.It is of import to get word that there are grounds that one clear reason with to apologize the uneven distribution of doctors. With Canada s rural population being sparsely distributed in little Numberss, it is non feasible to hold many doctors in rural and unconnected countries where the population is merely a few hundred. Having doctors for such a little figure of people is non economically executable and can take away from other countries that experience a great population. Sing the fact that many to a great extent populated countries are already abstracted doctors, increasing the figure of doctors for smaller populations may non be the best determination.Distribution of other Health Care ProfessionalsThe distribution of doctors is one of the biggest jobs in rural Canada and it is besides the most widely discussed nevertheless, it is of impo rt to observe that the handiness of and entree to, other wellness attention professionals is besides of concern. The Canadian Medical Association has found that there is a deficiency of psychiatric nurses, sensual healers, occupational healers, address diagnosticians and linguistic communication diagnosticians in rural countries.Attempts are being made to counterbalance for this job by implementing household wellness squads. A Family Health Team is an attack to primary wellness attention that brings together different wellness attention suppliers to tump over the best possible quality of attention for the patient. Family Health Teams consist of physicians, nurses, nurse practicians and other wellness attention professionals who work together and convey their ain alone experiences and accomplishments so that the patient receives the really best attention when it is packed. This attack is designed to convey wellness attention as stopping point to place as possible for people popula ting in rural and distant countries either bit good as urban countries. This attack is besides meant to give physicians support from other wellness attention professionals so doctors and general practicians do non hold to bear the load of covering with patients entirely.Distribution of Health Care installationsThere is an uneven distribution of infirmary services and wellness attention installations and this reflects the uneven distribution of medical professionals every bit good. The fit of clip and distance it takes for people populating in rural countries to acquire to wellness attention installations is a major job. change of location for a long clip for a long distance requires clip and money and besides adds to the uncomfortableness of the individual that is badly. There are no infirmaries in many little rural communities. The close urban Centres may hold infirmaries with basic medical installations. However, patients need to be taken to big urban Centres when specialized intervention is needed. For illustration, in Ontario, larger rural communities comport infirmaries that provide indispensable services such as 24-hour exigency attention, OBs, anesthesia, and general surgery. Smaller infirmaries may besides supply these installations nevertheless, these medical installations can be dependent on specializers who may necessitate to be brought in from different infirmaries located in urban Centres.Rural countries have a limited figure of infirmaries which provide a limited figure of services, contrasted their urban opposite numbers. When infirmaries do non supply certain services, that can be an issue for people populating in those countries, who already have such limited picks on their wellness attention. For illustration, if the lone infirmary available in a distant country is operated by spiritual leaders and followings, so installations such as stillbirth can non be available to the people. Although the option of abortion is available in severa l urban countries, many rural countries do non hold the option and if person is seeking abortion, so they would hold to go long distances to entree such a installation.It is of import to observe that similar to doctors, it may non be economically executable to hold a infirmary for every distant country where the population is much smaller than many of the urban countries. Hence, alternate options such as household wellness squads can be a good option for many of the rural countries.Rural SeniorsLarge populations of seniors in Canada live in rural countries. Approximately, one tierce of Canada s seniors live in rural countries and little towns. Seniors are besides the largest consumers of wellness attention. A figure of wellness jobs are peculiarly prevailing among aged Canadians, including depression, dementedness ( including Alzheimer s Disease ) , osteoporosis, malnutrition, and spillage of bodily maps ( sight, hearing, mobility, continency ) . All of these may necessitate specia lised medical attention and support services. Traveling long distances to make needed services is peculiarly disputing for seniors with mobility jobs.The quite a little of senior in Canada live one by one and it has repeatedly been proven through surveies that independency is a critical influence in seniors lodging picks. The efficiency to populate independently, nevertheless, depends upon a figure of factors, including wellness, fiscal position, and the handiness of support services, which include professional services, such as medical or personal attention. Over the old ages, a figure of support services have been developed to brass seniors. These services include repasts for seniors, particular transit, home-care, sing home-makers, societal and recreational plans, and reding and information. Although these services are effectual, they are for the big portion available merely in urban countries.In rural and distant countries there are jobs with entree to primary wellness att ention. The deficiency of afterhours services can take to the use of goods and services of exigency suites in the infirmary for instances that are non so terrible such as minor hurts or unwellness. Besides, if primary attention suppliers such as household physicians are non available at all, so patients have no pick but to travel to exigency suites in infirmaries for minor hurts and unwellnesss. These patients who lack the primary attention supplier and therefore hold to see infirmaries are known as orphan patients. A legal age of the orphan patients are seniors. Besides, due to miss of appropriate attention, many of the patients that need specialized attention have to wait in infirmary beds, and occupy a bed, until they can be transported to other medical installations that advance such attention. The patients that occupy hospital beds in such manner are known as patients who need Alternative degree of Care ( ALC ) .It is of import to cover with the deficiency of primary wellnes s services in rural countries in efficient ways because seniors are more concentrated in rural parts and seniors are the largest consumers of wellness attention. An effectual manner to undertake this would be to use household wellness squads as you can hold a assortment of professionals working together and this can be good to patients every bit good as the medical professionals. Another effectual manner to turn to this issue, particularly the issue of ALC, is to utilize telemedicine. Ontario has one of the largest telemedicine webs in the universe and it is known as the Ontario Telemedicine Network. Telemedicine is the bringing of health-related services and information utilizing telecommunications engineerings. finished videoconferencing, digital instruments like stethoscopes and patient scrutiny cameras, telemedicine can present wellness attention straight to the places of the patients instead of patients holding to go. This is particularly effectual in rural countries as the d istance required to go can take a batch of clip and money. Cuting down on the traveling can besides be really good to seniors as they would salvage clip, money and they would non hold to go while ill. Telemedicine can assist with Alternative degree of Care patients as the patients now would non hold to go to urban Centres and travel to specializers as the specializers can now come to them via video-conferencing.North East LHIN EnterprisesThe Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care ( MOHLTC ) has started the Aging at Home Strategy with an purpose to reenforce the ability of community support services to let seniors to populate healthy, independent lives in their ain places. The enterprise is being led by the Local Health consolidation Networks ( LHINs ) , with each LHIN having a specific support allotment to run into the demands of their local communities. Programs being funded include heighten place attention and community support services such as repasts, transit, shopping, snow sh ovelling and attention prominent supports.The North East LHIN s enterprise can be peculiarly helpful with primary wellness attention. Their inaugural includes heightening the scope of place attention services for seniors to avoid unneeded ER admittances and support seasonably discharge from ER and infirmary. The North East LHIN besides looks to make intensive community found instance direction, in-home primary attention, enhanced community supports and enhanced mental wellness services.European Primary Health Services InitiativesStates in Europe besides experience similar issues in primary wellness attention services as Canada does. Looking at the enterprises taken by European states and comparing it to initiatives taken in Canada can be an effectual manner to compare and contrast the different wellness systems and besides to look for farther betterments in the Canadian wellness attention system.In Greece, the authorities has put forth the idea of community Centres for the busine ss and protection of older people. There are many of these Centres, called KAPI, throughout the state. These Centres combine the socialisation facet with primary wellness attention installations every bit good as other societal services. These Centres have societal nines and activities every bit good as primary wellness attention suppliers including doctors and physical therapists. Baseball clubs such as these can besides possibly be effectual in Canada. The nines do non needfully hold to be extras like those in Greece, but utilizing a similar thought can be helpful in footings of primary wellness attention services for seniors.DecisionWith the uninterrupted rise of the ageing population in Canada, the demand for primary wellness attention services are increasing. This includes more focal point on bar and intervention of common diseases and hurts, basic exigency services and wellness publicity. It is of import to implement primary wellness attention services in rural Canada as the bulk of Canada s seniors live in rural countries and besides because seniors are the biggest consumers of wellness attention. Current enterprises such as household wellness squads, tele-medicine and the Aging at Home Strategy are taking good paces in footings of presenting primary wellness attention services. A combination of such plans along with larning from several plan utilise around the universe can take to better primary wellness attention services for seniors, every bit good as the population as a whole.

Active and Passive Indexing

The first great power fund began in 1971, with $6 cardinal funded by Samsonite, the luggage-maker. Since then, there have been some arguments of whether an busy index fund or a nonoperational index fund offers better semipermanent results for investors. Index bullion are already the instant(prenominal) growing sector of the mutual fund concern. From 1986 to 1996, the amount of bullion invested in index funds grew from $556 million to $65 Billion. And if anything, individual investors have been slow to embrace passive management. Institutional investors invest a farther colossalr percentage of their assets passively.Many individual investors are simply uneducated and unaware of the arguments and experimental try out supporting passive management. Institutional investors and academics have known for years (many for decades) that passive investing is extremely sticky to beat and that the majority of active investors will fail in their attempt to outperform the food market. Active indexers evoke they terminate outperform the marketplace. Passive (index) portfolios state they can mirror the performance of the indices. Both have their steady-going times and their bad times.Active indexers raise cash in times of increased risk and mental unsoundness while passive indexers remain fully invested. This can be quite painful during times of large declines in the market. Passive portfolios mirror the gains of the indices during roaring bull markets and eventually outperform the majority of active gold managers who must remain diversified and who fewtimes take on additional risks in an attempt to assert the performance and safety that they have promised their clients. The evidence has piled up during todays bull market that the average dollar managed by active managers does non keep up with the market index.Finally, indexing is a way to avoid universe blind- facial expressiond in certain areas of the marketplace. Active management themes can easily fin d themselves on the wrong side of an investment. There is a perception among investors that a st laygy designed to match stock market returns is little risky than a comparable actively managed portfolio. Since the index approach invests in a manner that is close friendly with the markets natural liquidity, it produces the least disturbance. The passive investor also has diversified his risk. Specific negative things can run a risk to individual companies or groups.As a passive investor, integrity is not exposed to any of these things. However, it does not mean you have a risk-free investment. The downside to passive index investors is that they fuel the fire of a market that appreciates well beyond its true value. Index mutual funds must put new money to work they can not hold cash and their investors all buy the exact same stocks. When stocks go down, index funds, being fully invested, will receive the ultimate effect of the decline. Combined with this loss is the accompanimen t that they will also have to lead astray shares to cover shareholder redemptions.These funds will get pass on harder than many active portfolios with a cash cushion. Most active managers of investment portfolios raise cash as they perceive higher valuations, excessive instability, and extreme risks, therefore reducing the display to loss during declining markets. Another downside to passive indexing is the impact they have on market instability. This gives the patient active money manager a welcome opportunity to take advantage of stock selection at real attractive prices and, to some extent, time the market in making their decisions of when to buy and when to sell.Index investing is a tricky business that can roil markets. Actively indexed funds have gone upward over the last decade. This has occurred contempt the fact that investors have poured huge amounts of money into active funds over this period. The make up of investing in index funds have ignoreed downward as they ha ve become more than popular with investors. The costs of active index funds just might decrease in the future, thereby narrowing the cost gap with passive index funds.But all evidence to date has shown just the opposite trend the costs of active funds move to go up and the costs of index funds continue to go down. Actively indexed funds typically generate relatively large amounts of taxes while passive index funds generate relatively small amounts. Some of the resulting gap in performance caused by taxes would on the face of it be narrowed if the federal government were to lower tax rates. Congress did this at the end of July 1997 when it decrease the maximum long term hood gains tax rate from 28% on investments held more than one year to 20% on investments held 18 months or longer.The tax bill provides that in the year 2001 this rate will be reduced to 18% for investments held five years or longer. Finally, active money managers military service the specific needs of their c lients. They manage portfolios based exactly on the investors objectives and tolerance for risk. They make decisions based on a stated time frame and they are capable of changing the goals and direction of a portfolio on a moments notice. They are the investors personal link to the market and the protector of their capital. The value of these services is immeasurable to just about investors.One thing that really does not influence the investor as much as it should is the lack of postponement with respect to the tax consequences of passive index management. The capital gains, created during the year by a fully active index manager, is reported to the IRS, and the investor ends up being taxed. For a taxed investor, the buy-and-hold is a winning strategy. Turnover is the enemy of the investor who pays taxes. Conversely, approximately investors would be more than happy to pay taxes on the returns produced by active money managers during periods of declining markets.Not many investors prefer losses to earning some gains and interest, even with the tax man waiting. The effect of so many investors purchase index funds is that they tend to guard the money market. An investor could actually, in a cost-effective manner, buy and sell the market. The asset funding of active managers, combined with the efficiency of the passive manager, allows one to implement strategies that provide an best mix of securities to match a particular scenario, objective, or risk aversion.From time to time, it is possible that the major assets can get out of balance. Investors can run up prices where the lawfulness market is overvalued. When this reaches a untrustworthy level, more self-corrective measures are needed. This is where the expertise of the active manager becomes useful. As an investor, you are always trading off what Jeremy Bentham, the British economist, referred to as the pain-pleasure calculus. Good returns produce pleasure. Bad returns produce pain. An active money manag er is always equilibrize off the pleasure vs. e potential pain.The active manager tends to determine what that balance is and if it finds that the market is deployed otherwise, it whole works in balancing the portfolio. Tactical asset funding combined with a passively managed portfolio has been called the holy grail of investing by Jonathan Burton, of Dow Jones Asset Management magazine. During declining markets, index funds take the full force of the markets loss. Managers of these funds are forced to sell stocks in order to meet the demand for redemptions as their investors got out of the market.During markets of very little movement, investors quickly drain of insufficient or no returns on their investment. Finally, a philosophy of capital preservation causes the active manager to raise cash, providing a cushion for portfolios during times of extreme risk. Active or passive? Both have their advantages and their risks, but the two are found to be the best long-term plans for bot h performance and safety. Index (passive) funds are likely to beat active funds, yet the Morningstar entropy show that 92% of all the money is U. S. stock funds is in active funds.