Examining The Importance Of System Investigation Information Technology Essay

Examining The Importance Of System Investigation Information Technology Essay Fact-finding is an important activity in system investigation. In this stage, the functioning of the system is to be understood by the system analyst to design the proposed system. Various methods are used for this and these are known as fact-finding techniques. The analyst needs to fully understand the current system. The analyst needs data about the requirements and demands of the project undertaken and the techniques employed to gather this data are known as fact-finding techniques. Tools, such as data and process models, document facts, and conclusions are drawn from facts. If facts are not collected, tools can ¿Ã‚ ½t be used effectively and efficiently. After gathering needed information of the system the analyst should record them in a proper way which is known as fact-recoding methods. What are the facts to be collected Any information System can be examined in terms of four building blocks:  ¿Ã‚ ½ Data: The raw material used to create useful info.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Processes: The activities that carry out the mission.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Interfaces: How the system interacts with people.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Geography: Where data is stored, processes interfaces happen. Fact-finding skills must be learned and practiced. Systems analysts need an organized method of collecting facts. They especially need to develop a detective mentality to be able to discern relevant facts. When do perform fact-finding  ¿Ã‚ ½ System Analysis Phase. ? Study Phase. ? Definition Phase. ? Selection Phase.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Design.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Post Implementation Review. Fact-finding techniques Various kinds of techniques are used and the most popular among them are, 1. Interviews. 2. On-Site Observation. 3. Investigation. 4. Questionnaire. 1. Interviews Interview is a very important data gathering technique. Analysts can use interviews to collect information about the current system form the potential users. Here the analysts discover the areas of misunderstanding, unrealistic exception and descriptions of activities and problems along with resistance to the new proposed system. Goal of interview  ¿Ã‚ ½ Find facts, verify facts, and clarify facts.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Generate enthusiasm.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Get end user involved.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Identify requirements. Steps involved  ¿Ã‚ ½ Set the stage for the interview.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Establish rapport; put the interviewee at ease.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Phrase questions clearly and succinctly.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Be a good listener; avoid arguments.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Evaluate the outcome of the interview. The interviews are of two types namely, Structured Interview Structured interviews are those where the interviewee is asked a standard set of questions in a particular order. All interviewees are asked the same set of questions. The questions are further divided in two kinds of formats for conducting this type of interview.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Open-response format e.g. Why are you dissatisfied with the current scheduling method?  ¿Ã‚ ½ Closed-response format e.g.. Are you satisfied with the current scheduling methods? Do you think that the manual scheduling procedure be changed with some automated procedure? Unstructured Interview The unstructured interviews are undertaken in a question-and-answer format. This is of a much more flexible nature than the structured interview and can be very rightly used to gather general information about the system. Here the respondents are free to answer in their own words. In this way their views are not restricted. So the interviewer gets a bigger area to further explore the issues pertaining to a problem. Advantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Can motivate the interviewee to respond freely.  ¿Ã‚ ½ More feedback can be probed.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Can adapt or reword questions for each individual.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Extra information from body movement and facial expressions. Disadvantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Time consuming.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Requires good communication skills.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Requires good interviewing skills.  ¿Ã‚ ½ May be impractical due to location constraints.  ¿Ã‚ ½ The interviewee may not answer/give appointment. 2. On-Site Observation On-site observations are one of the most effective tools with the analyst where the analyst personally goes to the site and discovers the functioning of the system. As an observer, the analyst can gain first hand knowledge of the activities, operations, processes of the system on-site, hence here the role of an analyst is of an information seeker. This information is very meaningful as it is unbiased and has been directly taken by the analyst. This exposure also sheds some light on the actual happenings of the system as compared to what has already been documented, thus the analyst gets closer to the system. This technique is also time-consuming and the analyst should not jump to conclusions or draw inferences from small samples of observation rather the analyst should be more patient in gathering the information. This method is however less effective for learning about peoples perceptions, feelings and motivations. Mainly observation categorized into two, Formal observation  ¿Ã‚ ½ Observation a person by him being noticed. Informal observation  ¿Ã‚ ½ Observing a person without him being noticed. Do ¿Ã‚ ½s  ¿Ã‚ ½ Obtain permission from appropriate supervisors or managers.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Prepare special forms to record data.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Determine who, what, where, why, when and how of the observation.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Takes notes immediately or after the observation.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Review the observation notes with appropriate individuals.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Also observe during low, normal, and peak periods of operations. Don ¿Ã‚ ½ts  ¿Ã‚ ½ Don ¿Ã‚ ½t interrupt the individuals work.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Don ¿Ã‚ ½t focus on trivial activities.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Don ¿Ã‚ ½t make assumptions. Advantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Observation of people at work provides first hand experience of the way that the current system operates.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Data are collected in real time and can have a high level of validity if care is taken in how the technique is used.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Observation can be used to verify information from other sources or to look for exceptions to the standard procedure.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Baseline data about the performance of the existing system and of users can be collected. Disadvantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ The act of observation alters the behavior.  ¿Ã‚ ½ The act of made may not involve the difficulty and volume normally experienced during that time period.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Some task may not always be performed in the manner in which they are observed.  ¿Ã‚ ½ People may not let u see what you want to see. 3. Investigation Third fact finding technique is to thoroughly investigate the application and problems. The analyst has to read computer journals, reference books, internet white papers and case-studies for investigation. The Analyst can visit other companies or departments which have addressed similar problems. Advantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Can save time if solution already exists.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Investigator can see how others have solved similar problems or met similar requirements.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Keeps investigator up to date with current developments. Disadvantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Requires access to appropriate sources of information.  ¿Ã‚ ½ May ultimately not help in solving problem because problem is not documented elsewhere. 4. Questionnaire Questionnaires are another way of information gathering where the potential users of the system are given questionnaires to be filled up and returned to the analyst. Questionnaires are useful when the analyst need to gather information from a large number of people. It is not possible to interview each individual. Also if the time is very short, in that case also questionnaires are useful. If the anonymity of the respondent is guaranteed by the analyst then the respondent answers the questionnaires very honestly and critically. Just like the interviews and on the same lines questionnaires are of two types. Open-Response Based Questionnaires The objective of open-response questionnaire is to gather information and data about the essential and critical design features of the system. The open-ended question requires no response direction or specific response. This form is also used to learn about the feelings, opinions, and experiences of the respondents. This information helps in the making the system effective because the analyst can offer subsequent modifications as per the knowledge gained. e.g. What additional reports would you require from the System? Closed-Response Based Questionnaires The objective of closed-response questionnaire is to collect the factual information of the system. It gives an insight in how the people dealing with the system behave and how comfortable are they with it. In this case the respondents have to choose from a set of given responses. Thus the respondent can express their liking for the most favorable one from the possible alternatives. The closed questions can be of various types and the most common ones are listed below. e.g. 1. Yes/No Question Do you print reports from the existing System? (please circle the appropriate answer) Yes No 2. Multiple Choice Questions How many new surgery appointments do you obtain in a year? (please tick one box only) 3. Scaled Questions How satisfied are you with the response time of the patients ¿Ã‚ ½ records update? (please circle one options) Advantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Can be answered quickly.  ¿Ã‚ ½ An economical way of gathering data from a large number of people.  ¿Ã‚ ½ If the questionnaire is well designed, then the results can be analysed easily, possibly by computer. Disadvantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Good questionnaires are difficult to construct.  ¿Ã‚ ½ There is no automatic mechanism for follow up or probing more deeply, although it is possible to follow up with an interview by telephone or in person if necessary.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Postal questionnaires suffer from low response rates. Conclusion Interview is the most suitable fact-finding technique of gathering information for Victoria Hospital System. Because there are small numbers of people are working, hence result can be produced in a short period of time, easy to evaluate the result, more feedback can be a probed and new ides may arise. Fact-recording methods and standards The fact recording is a reverence for facts and knowing how to look for them. You do not go into data collection with a predetermined opinion of the design of the final procedure. You let the facts tell you what shape the procedure should take. But, you must be able to find facts and know how to record them. This is done by breaking down the procedure into steps and listing them in proper sequence, without leaving things out. The analyst keeps his or her attention on the subject being charted, follows its flow, step by step, and is not distracted by other subjects that could easily lead off onto tangents. The analyst becomes immersed in the data collection, one flow at a time. Record what is actually happening, not what should happen or could happen. When later you have them neatly organized and present them for study the facts will assert their authority as they tell their story. Software Standard A Software Standard is a standard, common format of a document, file, or data transfer accepted and used by one or more software developers while working on one or more than one software programs. Software standards enable interoperability between different programs created by different developers. Software standards consist of certain terms, concepts, data formats, document styles and techniques agreed upon by software creators so that their software can understand the files and data created by a different software program. To be considered a standard, a certain protocol needs to accepted and incorporated by a group of developers who contribute to the definition and maintenance of the standard. Developers prefer using standards for software development because of the efficiencies it provides for code development and wider user acceptance and use of the resulting application. The followings are computer and paper based fact-recording methods and standard documentation techniques, which are being used in software development.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Data flow diagrams  ¿Ã‚ ½ Context diagrams  ¿Ã‚ ½ Flow charts  ¿Ã‚ ½ Decision tables  ¿Ã‚ ½ Grid charts Data flow diagrams  ¿Ã‚ ½ Graphically describe the flow of data within an organisation  ¿Ã‚ ½ Composed of four basic elements represented by standard symbols: Basic data flow diagram Context diagrams  ¿Ã‚ ½ Show major data flows into and out of a system  ¿Ã‚ ½ Describe each subsystem as a process showing interrelationship of those subsystems and their relationship to main system  ¿Ã‚ ½ Depict logical flow of data in summary form  ¿Ã‚ ½ The starting point for studying any system  ¿Ã‚ ½ Depict the system at its highest level  ¿Ã‚ ½ Referred to as level zero data flow diagrams Flow charts  ¿Ã‚ ½ Document physical flows determined after logical data flows have been documented using data flow diagrams Flow chart symbols Advantages and disadvantages of flow charts Advantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Enable any system to be represented in easily understandable manner  ¿Ã‚ ½ Overall picture of system easily seen  ¿Ã‚ ½ Highlight relationship among different parts of the system Disadvantages  ¿Ã‚ ½ Creation can be time-consuming  ¿Ã‚ ½ Numerous symbols can be confusing  ¿Ã‚ ½ Process may not be completely representable using symbols There are three types of flow chart, namely 1. System flow charts  ¿Ã‚ ½ Show the relationship between input, processing and output including data, documents and storage  ¿Ã‚ ½ Represent the relationship between various processes 2. Document flow charts  ¿Ã‚ ½ Emphasise the flow of documents between various people, groups and departments of an organisation. 3. Program flow charts  ¿Ã‚ ½ Show the detailed steps of a computer program  ¿Ã‚ ½ Show the logic and processing steps used to develop a computer program Decision tables  ¿Ã‚ ½ List the decision logic of a program flow chart in tabular form  ¿Ã‚ ½ Constructed with two main columns and two rows: ? First row is further divided into a number of rows of conditions ? Second row is further divided into a number of rows of actions The decision table tells us the following  ¿Ã‚ ½ if stock is not available and floor stock is not being sold, collect 10% advance  ¿Ã‚ ½ if stock is available but delivery is not within three days, collect 10% advance  ¿Ã‚ ½ if stock is available and delivery within three days, collect full value of sale  ¿Ã‚ ½ if stock is not available but floor stock is being sold within three days, collect full value of sale  ¿Ã‚ ½ if stock is not available but floor stock is being sold after three days, collect 10% advance Grid charts A grid chart is a type of chart that shows the interaction of two data points at the grid intersection of their respective axes.

Ethics Theories and the competing values framework

Ethics Theories and the competing values framework Ethics Theories and the Competing Values Framework Introduction Management theory and practice implicitly endorse some ethical values over others and this provides the basic ethical orientation of managers. But managers have to understand different ethical theories to find out best for a particular situation â€Å"Ethics can be defined as the systematic attempt to make sense of individual, group, organizational, professional, social, market, and global moral experiences in such a way as to determine the desirable, prioritized ends that are worth pursuing, the right rules and obligations that ought to govern human conduct, the virtuous intentions and character traits that deserve development in life, and to act accordingly. Put more simply, ethics is the study of individual and collective moral awareness, judgment, character, and conduct.†[1] Researchers propose three types of ethics namely, descriptive, normative and analytical. Ethical Theories There are a number of ethical theories. All these theories can be exhibited in four quadrants in the figure below[2]: Teleological Ethics Theories Teleological ethics theories proposes that beneficial ends and/or results determine the ethical value of actions. If, on balance, any action provides more benefits than costs to the relevant stakeholder (s) than by any other alternative, teleological ethics endorses the goodness of that choice. Three major types of teleological ethics are eudaimonism, utilitarianism, and egoism. Ethical Egoism Ethical egoism, is a teleological theory that holds that an action is good if it produces or tends to produce results that maximize a particular persons self-interest as defined by the individual, even at the expense of others. Ethical egoism discourages a person to help others when the person gets nothing out of it. Enlightened egoism emphasizes long-range self-interest simultaneously endorsing altruistic concern for the well being of others. An enlightened egoist, for example, may well avoid cheating and support community projects, not so much because these actions benefit others, but because they help achieve some ultimate goal for the egoist, such as social image enhancement that could lead to carrier advancement within an organization. Utilitarianism Principle of Utilitarianism proposes that an action can be considered as right only if the action produces most utility for all the people affected by the action. Utilitarianism principle holds that the action whose net benefits are greatest relative to the net benefit of all other alternative actions. Both future as well as immediate costs and benefits are taken into consideration in this principle. Utilitarians have come up with an alternate version of the principle of Utilitarianism called rule utilitarianism. According to this, an action is ethically right, if the actions would be required by moral rules which are correct. A moral rule is correct if the sum total of the utilities produced is greater than sum total of utilities produced if everyone follows an alternative rule. Rule Utilitarianism is applicable to a great extent to an organizational context. In an organizational situation, according to Rule Utilitarianism the correct moral rule is the one that would produce greatest utility for everyone affected. Eudaimonism or Theories of Happiness Eudaimonism is a teleological theory that endorses a course of action if it promotes or tends to promote the fulfillment of goals relating to human nature and its happiness. For example, this theory says that a manager enforces employee health and safety standards at work to ensure that employees derive happiness and satisfaction out of it. This theory is based on the premise that when a choice has to made between having a good time (maximizing pleasurable utility) and leading a good life (maximizing happiness) and the latter outcome was to be preferred to the former. Deontological Ethics Theories Deontological ethics theories maintain that responsibly fulfilling obligations, following proper procedure, â€Å"doing the right thing†, and adhering to moral standards determine the ethical value of actions. Deontological ethics maintains that irrespective of the consequences of an action, an action is ethical if it is morally right. Among the major types of deontological ethics are negative and positive rights theories, social contract theories, and social justice theories. Negative and Positive Rights Theories Negative rights theories hold that an action is right if it protects an individual from unwarranted interference from government and/or other people in the exercise of that right; for example, if a person has a right to privately use, sell, or dispose of his personal property as he chooses, this means that every other person has the correlative duty not to prevent him from privately using, selling, or disposing of his property as he freely chooses. Positive rights theories hold that an action is right if it provides any individual with whatever he or she needs to exist. For example, if he has a right to adequate health care to survive, this means that other agents (perhaps the government) have the correlative duty to provide him with entitled adequate health care, not merely to avoid interfering with its competitive acquisition. Social Contract Theories Social contract theories hold that an action is right if it conforms to the terms agreed upon, conditions, or rules for social well-being negotiated by competent parties. Social Justice Theories Social justice theories hold that an action is right if it promotes the duty of fairness in the distributive, retributive, and compensatory dimensions of social benefits and burdens. For managers, this approach stresses monitoring adherence to standard operating procedures and rewarding persons for adhering to contractual agreements in a coordinated manner. Virtue Ethics Theories Virtue ethics theories maintain that habitual development of sound character traits determines the ethical value of persons. For the virtue ethicist, sound, balanced character, motivation, and intention of an individual is more important than the persons actual conduct and its consequences. Three major types of virtue ethics theories focus on individual, work, and professional character which defines the required characteristics of the character of an individual or work or professional. System Development Ethics Theories System development ethics theories maintain that the ethical value of actions is determined by the nature and extent of the supportive framework for continuous improvement of ethical conduct. Managers should assess and develop work cultures supportive of ethical conduct. Ethical problems faced by Personnel Managers: The ethical issues faced by individual employees and managers are very different, since managers are responsible for the entire range of human resources activities such as hiring, firing, disciplining, and performance evaluation. A large number of the ethical issues that arise in business are human resources related and these can usually be addressed by local managers, who act quickly, fairly, and with compassion.3 Hiring and Work Assignments: A manager hires, or brings new people into the organization, and determines employee work assignments once employees are on the job. The new people may be permanent employees, or they may be part -time employees, temporary workers, or consultants. Performance Evaluation: Many times performance evaluation is not done objectively but is based[3] on the relationship of the executive with his appraiser. This defies the entire purpose of Performance Appraisal System which should ensure that a fair and transparent appraisal is done. This kind of favoritism may lead to demotivation of star performers and sends a bad signal in the company. One good way to ensure continuous performance evaluation is to establish a formal appraisal system where performance of an employee is measured continuously and through quantifiable parameters. By measuring the objectives and targets are quantifiable and objectively measured, the process becomes fair and ethical. An ongoing process can greatly reduce misunderstanding, resentment, and charges of discrimination or bias. Terminations: Termination done in any form is never pleasant and should be avoided at all times but at times management is faced with no choice but to terminate the employees. Layoffs can result from many kinds of reorganizations such as mergers, acquisitions, relocations, or as the result of economic reasons, or changes in business strategy. A layoff can stem from a decision to trim staff in one department, or from a decision to reduce head count company-wide. 4 There are steps a manager can take to make it easier for the employee being terminated. The main goals are to be fair, ethical and to allow the employee to maintain personal dignity. Manager should ensure that this step is taken as a last possible resort and if it is inevitable, manager should ensure that the employee is given sufficient notice to get a new job or come up beneficial schemes like voluntary requirements. Also, it would be more beneficial if management engages outplacement counselors or human resources professionals to meet with people who are laid off. Managing workforce diversity Managers are often placed with ethical issues of discrimination and unfair favoritism on the basis of the society and community that the employee belongs to. It is important for a manager to discourage any kind of bias based on religion, community and gender. Importance of Ethics in Business context Enron Scandal Enron Scandal a saga of how the truth unfolded and the one-time most reputed business of America went into trash. As the Consequential Theory of Utilitarianism says, an act is ethical or morally right only if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone. As in the case of Enron, it can be seen that whatever the top management did was favourable to only a bunch of officials while the sufferers were the stakeholders in the form of shareholders, employees, financial institutions, accounting firms etc. Also later, when the mask was off, all the culprit officials were penalized and punished which proves that truth cant be hidden for long. And the short-term benefit is too short when compared with long-term cost which one has to pay for its unethical acts. [4] Enron entered into a range of shady dealings, including concealing debts so they didnt show up in the companys accounts. This can be justified as according to the Normative Principle in Applied Ethics which talks about the â€Å"Right to information†. Enron lied about its profits as during its heyday from 1999 to 2000, the company reported very strong net income by dubious accounting exercises. But the actual amount of cash that Enrons businesses generated wasnt nearly as impressive. Wrong information is more catastrophic than no-information. This can be justified as according to the Normative Principle in Applied Ethics which talks about the â€Å"Principle of honesty† which says that one shall not deceive others. Insider Trading refers to the process where a person is in hold of certain information due to ones position in the organization and he uses it for his own advantage. Insider trading is both illegal and unethical. Enron CEO Ken Lay had been consistently selling Enron stock in 2001. Top management promoted Enron shares as a bargain to employees and linked all their pension plans to the same. These employees had lost up to 90 percent of their 401(k) retirement savings as Enrons shares trashed into ground. As per principle of Principle of Paternalism, one should assist others in pursuing their best interests when they cannot do so of themselves. In this case, employees were ignorant of the fact as to what was the company doing, moreover, they were ignorant of best practices so they relied on the advice of their CEO to invest in stocks.[5] Conclusion The collapse of Enron has made it clear that no matter how much profit an organization makes in short-run, for its survival in the long-run, it has to stick to the policies of ethical practice. Any organization that deviates from this, will suffer in the long-run. A manager would invariably be faced with ethical dilemmas in the daily working of an organization but he or she should not endorse unethical practices since it would harm the organization in the long run and no organization can sustain in long term on unethical practices and policies. References 1. Joseph A. Petrick John F. Quinn, (1997), Management Ethics: Integrity at Work, Sage Publications, Sage series in Business Ethics. 2. Ken Blanchard, Ch. 8. Managing by Values, P.33-36, in Integrity at Work, Edited by Ken Shelton, Executive excellence publishing, 1998. 3. Ken Blanchard, Ch. 8. Managing by Values, P.33-36, in Integrity at Work, Edited by Ken Shelton, Executive excellence publishing, 1998. 4. Willlmot Hugh, â€Å"Contributions of Poststructuralism and Posthumanism†, Ethics Organization, Sage Publications, 1998, Pg. 76 -121 5. Hart, O. , 1995, Corporate Governance: Some Theory and Implications, The Economic Journal 105, 678-689. 6. Retrieved from http://www.ethics.org/ [1] Joseph A Petrick John F. Quinn, Management Ethics: Integrity at Work, Sage Series on Business Ethics , 1997, p.43. [2] Ibid, p. 48 [3] Ken Blanchard, Ch. 8. Managing by Values, P.33-36, in Integrity at Work, Edited by Ken Shelton, Executive excellence publishing, 1998. [4] Willlmot Hugh, â€Å"Contributions of Poststructuralism and Posthumanism†, Ethics Organization, Sage Publications, 1998, Pg. 76 -121 [5]5 Hart, O. , 1995, Corporate Governance: Some Theory and Implications, The Economic Journal 105, 678-689.

Amusement Parks - Something for Everyone :: Expository Essays

Amusement Parks - Something for Everyone People of all ages, shapes, sizes, financial statuses, and interests pour, in vast numbers each year into such amusement parks as Disney World and Six Flags. Why the fascination with these places, even to the point of repetitive visits? Each individual has his own reason, but there are a few common to all. Here in a make-believe world can be found something for everyone. On stepping from a sometimes harsh, ugly world through the gates of a "magic kingdom," one can do for a short while anything he desires. Vicarious living, with all the thrills and dangers of adventure in faraway places or daring escapades unavailable in everyday life, is here for the price of a ticket. There are wild rides: twisting, dipping, now fast, then slow, breath-taking, almost dangerous. For a few minutes one can live on the edge of danger, but always with the knowledge that safety is only inches and seconds away. Tamer rides are available for the children of all ages who prefer their thrills in more sedate doses. There are beautiful, clean, and true-to-life (better than life?) amusements here also; here everything is pretty, always works, and ends before boredom sets in. There are rides that take one through other countries, fantasy worlds, even into a mildly threatening outer space, and always with the surety of a safe return! Threatening animals become friends, and are totally predictable, clean, and nicer than the real thing. One can even return to the past, seeing of course only nostalgic beauty in the "good old days," and handily passing over any unpleasant memories. The future can be attained in seconds, showing the wonders in store for one as a result of the marvelous technilogical advances of mankind. Of lesser importance, but still a valid reason for amusement park popularity, is the availability of food of many different types. Cuisine of exotic foreign countries is presented in a fairly reasonable form for a decent price. Where else could be tasted a bean-paste sweet typical of Japan, a delicate, flaky Napoleon of France, or a foaming cold beer served in a bier haus of Germany?

Morality Essay examples -- essays research papers

Morality is a hard term to define and decipher because there are so many things that have to be taken into account. If you line up a group of ten people and bring up a morality issue, you will mostly likely get different answers. People all over the world have many different beliefs and are raised to stand by those beliefs. Abortion is one of the hot topics in our country and a big moral issue. There are people who believe abortion is murder and completely, morally wrong. Then there are other people who believe that it isn’t wrong and it isn’t murder. Which one of these groups of people is right? Neither. The definition of morality is descriptively to refer to a code of conduct put forward by a society, or some other group, such as a religion or accepted by an individual for their own behavior. Neither of the beliefs about abortion are right or wrong because morality is a code of conduct and no one person can be told to believe in that conduct. Religion also plays a bi g role in morals and by living in the United States; everyone has the right to freedom of religion. But then there are also people who do not believe in religion. We, as citizens of the United States have the right to believe what we want, have our own morals and defend those morals and beliefs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion, stem cell research and cloning are examples of moral issues that are scientific and human beings control them. Whatever your belief on any of those afore mentioned topics, they c...

Beyond Free Will in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein

Beyond Free Will in Shelly’s Frankenstein  Ã‚   One of the greatest gifts God has given to man is free will.   Free will is the ability to choose our own life’s path, to make decisions, and to suffer our own consequences. God has intended free will to allow us to live our own life by the rules we choose.   However, does free will reach a certain point as which to not crossover?   Man has always envied God, and has always tried to become god-like.   Does this ambition compromise our free will?   In Mary Shelly’s classic novel Frankenstein, Viktor Frankenstein’s tries to bring the dead back to life, and he is successful in animating a creation of his own.   The consequences of his ambition compromised his free will and destroyed his life.   Viktor Frankenstein reached the point of free will which man is not intended to cross over.   Viktor Frankenstein is a fool for trying to play God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Free will was a gift granted to man right from the start of history.   In the story of Genesis, free will granted by God allowed Adam and Eve to eat from any tree in the garden, including the tree of knowledge.   However, God did set a rule.   â€Å"The Lord God commanded the man, â€Å"You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die.†1  Ã‚   Now, in this story, man is tricked by the serpent, representing the devil, and eats from the tree of knowledge.   He does not die in a sense, but is cast out of paradise and is forced to work off the land for the remainder of his now mortal life.   In a letter from Paul to the Galatians, Paul writes, â€Å"You, my brothers, were called to be free.   But do not use your freedom to indulge the sinful nature.†2  Ã‚   In thes... ...†9  Ã‚   Giving life is God’s job, and any man who tries to become god-like in this sense will surely suffer the consequences of his actions according to Mary Shelly.   I completely agree, and I will conclude with a retrospective quote from Viktor Frankenstein.   â€Å"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow.†10 1. Genesis 2: 16-17   (NIV) 2. Galatians 5: 13a   (NIV) 3. Shelly, Mary.   Frankenstein, Norton Critical Edition, p. 30 4. Shelly, p. 32 5. Shelly, p. 49 6. Shelly, p. 115 7. Shelly, p. 116 8. Shelly, p. 137 9. Luke 7: 14-15   (NIV) 10. Shelly, p. 31 Works Cited: Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York. 1994. Beyond Free Will in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein Beyond Free Will in Shelly’s Frankenstein  Ã‚   One of the greatest gifts God has given to man is free will.   Free will is the ability to choose our own life’s path, to make decisions, and to suffer our own consequences. God has intended free will to allow us to live our own life by the rules we choose.   However, does free will reach a certain point as which to not crossover?   Man has always envied God, and has always tried to become god-like.   Does this ambition compromise our free will?   In Mary Shelly’s classic novel Frankenstein, Viktor Frankenstein’s tries to bring the dead back to life, and he is successful in animating a creation of his own.   The consequences of his ambition compromised his free will and destroyed his life.   Viktor Frankenstein reached the point of free will which man is not intended to cross over.   Viktor Frankenstein is a fool for trying to play God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Free will was a gift granted to man right from the start of history.   In the story of Genesis, free will granted by God allowed Adam and Eve to eat from any tree in the garden, including the tree of knowledge.   However, God did set a rule.   â€Å"The Lord God commanded the man, â€Å"You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die.†1  Ã‚   Now, in this story, man is tricked by the serpent, representing the devil, and eats from the tree of knowledge.   He does not die in a sense, but is cast out of paradise and is forced to work off the land for the remainder of his now mortal life.   In a letter from Paul to the Galatians, Paul writes, â€Å"You, my brothers, were called to be free.   But do not use your freedom to indulge the sinful nature.†2  Ã‚   In thes... ...†9  Ã‚   Giving life is God’s job, and any man who tries to become god-like in this sense will surely suffer the consequences of his actions according to Mary Shelly.   I completely agree, and I will conclude with a retrospective quote from Viktor Frankenstein.   â€Å"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow.†10 1. Genesis 2: 16-17   (NIV) 2. Galatians 5: 13a   (NIV) 3. Shelly, Mary.   Frankenstein, Norton Critical Edition, p. 30 4. Shelly, p. 32 5. Shelly, p. 49 6. Shelly, p. 115 7. Shelly, p. 116 8. Shelly, p. 137 9. Luke 7: 14-15   (NIV) 10. Shelly, p. 31 Works Cited: Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York. 1994.

Best Childhood Memory When Riding a Bike Goes Wrong Essay

The assignment topic that we were to choose from was somewhat challenging for me. We were asked to write about our fondest childhood memory. Growing up with six younger siblings and a large number of cousins, there have been many entertaining occasions we have shared. One of my warmer memories was when I was 11 years old on July 4, 2006 at my great grandmother’s house with my siblings and cousins. My family is very massive and when we all get together, there is a guarantee that something amusing that wound up taking place to someone or all of us. On this specific day, it happened to be me and my bike riding experience. It was four o’clock on a Tuesday afternoon. The sun had gone down a little while previously but it was still somewhat hot. All of the kids were trying to find things to occupy our time. Everyone started suggesting such activities as â€Å"let’s go to the park,† â€Å"let’s go get ice cream from the store,† or â€Å"let’s play kickball or my proposition – â€Å"let’s race down the hill?† Everyone thought about the choices that were made and surprisingly agreed to my suggestion. So everyone went to the site were everything we needed to choose from in order to race down the hill was stationed. Some people had skates, bikes, scooters, and even go-karts. After we had acquired what we wanted we commenced up the hill towards our destination. Once we all climbed to the top, we ensured that everyone was accounted for and ready to ride. One of the younger kids who could not race down the hill with us, stayed at the bottom of the hill for the purpose of starting the race. Everyone who was going to go down the hill was extended across the top of the street and I was adjacent to them on the sidewalk. My younger cousin asked â€Å"are you ready?† We all responded â€Å"yeah† very loudly. At that point, she said â€Å"on your mark, get set, go!† We all moved quickly down the hill with hopes to be the first to win. I was going down the hill exceedingly fast with the intentions of winning the race. I felt like first place was mine for the taking. I wanted so bad to be able to rub it in all of their faces that I was victorious. However, while going down the hill I realized the bike I had chosen was malfunctioning. The handle bars were not lined up with the front wheel. For  this reason, I had been used to the brakes being on the handle bars, but consequently this bike was made different from what I was used to. In order to stop the bike, you had to press the pedals backwards. By the time I recognized I had to make the pedals go backwards and at the same time try to hold the handle bars straight, I came to the conclusion that I was indeed going to fall. I undoubtedly ended up doing exactly what I feared would happen. I hit my face on a light pole since I couldn’t slow the bike down. I was melodramatic and cried so much that today I can laugh about the â€Å"accident†. In the hopes that I would gain sympathy from someone, I went to my daddy and I recounted him on what had happen. Surprisingly, his words to me were â€Å"suck it up you will be okay.† I certainly assumed I was about peris h and he told me that I would be okay. For this reason, I didn’t know what was on his mind when he stated that to me. I was an eleven year old child that had been deeply traumatized and scarred. Little, did I know that the advice he gave me would follow me through my existence. In my life, I have had a lot of great memories with my family. The bike riding experience was one to demonstrate the many perils of wisdom that I have been given by my family and life diversities. At the present time as I have grown older, I realize now the importance of his words of astuteness to me. I now understand that life is going to have it up and downs and you will get condemned down a lot and come out with bumps and blemishes. The essence of the situation is how you pick yourself back up and dust yourself off and try again. In other words, it is alright to have some obstacles in your life but it is all in the way you handle the obstructions.

Research Paper Essay

Organisations Profile and attention Approach8 musical composition nub and Quality9 Range of the aspects of cognitive process perk up knowned11 Per mildewance Indicators11 Conclusion14 References16 class 1 An analysis of a attain academic piece Introduction We kick in taxd a published academic paper corporal sustainability historical suppuration and insurance coverage practices (by Andreas Christofi, Petros Christofi and Seleshi Sisaye, 2012). The purpose of the paper was to comp be the manifestation urgency surrounded by the devil widely utilize sustainability coverage factors Dow J bingles Sustainability WorldIndexes (DJSI World) and world(a) Reporting Initiative G3 Guidelines (GRI-G3 Guidelines). These two instruments atomic military issue 18 similarities in the content scarce their manifestation requirement be antithetic and the depths of the complexness of sustainability indicators be vary. The authors suggested that sustainability plowin g framework take undergo further tiredisation and enforcement of the revelation indicators to avoid whatsoever negative skirmish on investors and consumers in case of structured failure or distraction in the upcoming future. on that point is growing concerns associated with whether schemes get hold of to taradiddle their sustainability surgical process from the early 1990s. Fortunately, thither argon m whatever potbelly stoves ar unbidden elect to employ and advertise their sustainability murder. Neverthe little, at that place is no indication of any growth of formal international recognised formula to enforce corporations to communicate its sustainability exercise. The authors believed that part of the peeled- do incorporate failures were ca utilized by corporate mismanagement aroundly a human defect and failure moral-hazard governing body bump control.Hence, the need of this academic paper was to recommend that an fitted risk control was necessar y to be lay out in place, and a pregnant and ideal corporate sustainability revelation to be required. The paper suggests that Financial Accounting Standards carte du jour (FASB) should actively work on a standardised sustainability wrap uping. Theoretical Concepts There be divinatory and practical rationales in this research. The theoretical concepts examined in the paper be stakeholder speculation and public interest theory. There ar many faces that voluntary report their sustainability executing to the public.There ar polar footings for them to pursue this coverage strategy. This may due to an entity is more ilkly to local anaestheticise on come toing the outlooks with a particular group of stakeholders such(prenominal)(prenominal) as investors, employees, guests, regulators and former(a) specific groups. commonly an organisation activity has the righteousness to account for the correctly of their stakeholders such as right to culture. If an p lacement fail to meet the expectation of the public and stakeholders, this may moment f only back their support from the community and the opportunity to tie their task locally.Therefore alignment of gild report with the expectations of key stakeholders serves to alter the prize of a go withs traffichips with such stakeholders and thus protect and enhance the hold dear of the validation (G100, 2003). Therefore it is critical for an organisation to address the necessarily and expectation from their place stakeholders. On the early(a) hand, the authors analysed the revealing indicators among GRI and DJSI. In 2009/2010 on that point were 317 pla makeary organisations listed on the DJSI. In 2009 in that respect were 1299 registered reports with GRI.Among these 1299 reports, the authors discover that the level of conformity with the GRI guidelines were inconsistent. In general, in that respect argon lead levels in GRI Guidelines to determine what the level of resp ectfulness that a reporting organisation has account for their apocalypse on materiality. take A is intended for advance reporting organisations. Suppose these Level A reporting organisations are expected to report a thorough materiality process in response and communion with their stakeholders. Lower compliance level is Level C that includes those reporting organisations are at lower compliance level. even so, the authors strand that there were only 31% of the reporting organisations were with great process towards sustainability implementation. In addition, there were 25% of the reporting organisations were most akinly non to adhere to the disclosure guidelines. The reason for this are either (1) reporting sustainability are voluntary so they wearyt need to adhere all the requirements, (2) some aspects may non be relevant to a particular organisation or the organisation choose not to report part of the requirement, (3) they take hold feature/used former(a) sustainability instrument to report their sustainability performance.The authors reveal the above were some of the terminal point to the current G3 Guidelines. As GRI Guidelines are non-regulatory and non-binding disclosure requirements, as well as absent enforcement that require those reporting organisations curb to succeed with. The authors believed that polity is necessary to be put in place by an ascendancy and/or professional bodies. They said legislation is needed in fix to asseverate a s control panel capital market, and civilization and early detection of any corporate mismanagement. As a general rule, the gateway of regularization is to rotect investors as well as the public. It is believed that regulations are initially to benefit the monastic order as a whole and it is an instrument to make believe confidence to the society in relation to the capital market. However, there are arguments astir(predicate) the cost-and-benefit to the increasing of regulations. These regulatio ns may create huge cost to companies but with less(prenominal) corresponding benefit and it may create a false sense of credentials to the society. This may be one of reason why there is uncertainty for other organisations to employ the sustainability phylogeny.Comparison We make tack that the authors have compared the GRI reporting guidelines with the DJSI World disclosure indicators and the report revealed some difference amidst the GRI-G3 Guidelines and DJSI World (1) Data Availability and availableness The DJSI covers the top 10 percentage of the biggest 2500 companies in the Dow Jones spherical Total Stock merchandise Index (DJGTSM) that pursue scotch, sociable, and surroundal reporting (DJSIs, 2009). Each year, the index components allow for be announced by the SAM Indexes GmbH, a Switzerland-establish investment group.It serves as a deferred payment point to the planetary rating agencies and investors. On the other hand, the GRI Guideline is designed and demonstr able through with(predicate) and through a process of multi-stakeholder reference including individual, professionals and non-governmental organisations (NGO). According to G100, 2003, Internationally, the most prominent, comprehensive and loosely accepted guidance is that published by the GRI. The GRI-G3 Guidelines pass on reporting framework to an organisation of any size, sector or localization principle to prepare their sustainability report. 2) Objectives The DJSI defines corporate sustainability as a business approach that create ache-term shareholder repute by bosom opportunities and managing risks deriving from scotch, environmental and companionable knowledges. (DJSIs, 2009) and that gouge be quantified and screened for investing purposes. On the other hand, the GRI guidelines are based on the notion that transparency and answerableness nearly economic, environmental, and accessible impacts are of interest to a diverse group of stakeholders (GRI, 2008). 3 ) Application disclosure discipline The authors utilize s antiophthalmic factorle firms from twain standards to get out inferences on sustainability indicators of performance. They discovered that the content of both standards are similar but the disclosure data formatting method and the depth of indicators are differences. For example, they have compared the kind responsibility amongst both standards. The authors materialise that GRI Guidelines have burst disclosure indicators especially in the general risk of moral hazard such as anti- subversive activity and anti-trust practices.As a gist of the above findings, the authors believe that DJSIs knowledge is focus on an investment perspective. Alternatively, GRI Guidelines are more focus on a wider group of stakeholders. Although both standards are served for the analogous purpose that is to enhance sustainability measuring and reporting. However, these two standards are with different scope of info availability, accessi bility, documentarys and indicator measurement. The authors suggested it is necessary to further standardization sustainability disclosure and enforced by a professional body such as Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Implications & ConclusionThe implications of the above findings indicated that it is signifi rou specify to form a standard sustainability guideline that confiscate to any size of corporations to employ their sustainability schooling. The fictional character, content, as well as the disclosure indicators are the critical factors this is to determine the level of risk and materiality related to the financial and non-financial breeding. In particular, to certain an entitys sustainability victimization sack up create an opportunity for an entity to sustain itself through risk management in the hanker run. The research paper written by Christofi A. , Christofi P. , and Sisaye S. as discussed about historical development and reporting practices of corpo rate sustainability. To be shoot it gave an overview of how and why sustainability reporting has been developed and appropriated it discussed reporting instruments such as GRI and DJSI. We sympathize the reason why organisation get out voluntary to report their sustainability performance as well as how of the essence(predicate) of the disclosure indicators are. According to GRI, 2008 A sustainability report should provide a balanced, objective and reasonable means of the sustainability performance of a reporting friendship including both commanding and negative partings.We bequeath take into account of all these factors when weevaluate the sustainability report of our elect organisation Samsung Electronics. break open 2 A Critical evaluation of an Organisations Sustainability Report Introduction Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. is raise in 1969 in Suwon of Korea. They are the first Korean play along include in the Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World in February 2011. In 2010, they was bedded 19th in the Interbrands dress hat Global Brands.Their main business is manufacturing and sells a wide range of electronic goods, parley devices, and semiconductors. They have one orbiculate headquarter in Korea and nine pieceal headquarters worldwide, which consists of 199 subsidiaries, and they have employed 178,732 full duration faculty and 11,732 contractors at the end of 2010. As they are one of the largest manufacturing corporate in the world, so we are interested to evaluate their sustainability performance. wad & Strategy Since 2009, they set their long term corporate sight for 2020 as Inspire the World, Create the Future.The objectives of their tenderness strategy are harmonising among diverse stakeholders by (1) protecting the environment, (2) improving the social conditions in their service regions, and, at the same time, (3) generating economic performance (as per the CEO report in 2011 sustainability report). They believed that integration of sustainability development is essential for sustainability growth. To compass their sustainability development, they have categorised their strategies into six athletic fields endowment management, righteousness management, green management, social contribution, cooperator collaboration, and mathematical harvest and operate.In recent geezerhood,Samsung has strengthened their organisation body structure into eight divisions, including visual display, IT solution, digital Appliance, Mobile Appliance, Mobile Communications, Network, Digital Imaging, Semiconductor, LCD divisions. The goal of organisation structure is help managers to implement and control the system of rules facility and efficiency. Furthermore, the new structure enhances global competitiveness and more issueiveness organisation management. Samsung has realised successfully the corporate governance to implement and monitor the sustainability strategy crossways the go with.As seen in the annual sustainability report, the caller-up has suggested three significant strategic approaches visions for industry, vision for society and vision for employees. To ensure the true statement of implementing and monitoring these approaches, Samsung has established creative management, federation management and genius management. The responsibilities and roles of distributively plane section are increasing the outside(a) capabilities, accomplice collaborations, satisfying the expectation of its stakeholders. Organisations Profile and Management ApproachFurthermore, Samsung has set up the management systems to ensure the company continuously obtaining future probability and sustainability, which is based on main direction of creation, knowledgeability and replace in consistent with the global economy. Their scope and tasks to achieve their sustainability development, that reflecting significant bewitchs to employees, societies, alliances, and customers as a w hole, are classified in the following rural areas * Talent management employee value, work-life balance. * equity management corporate ethics, fair tidy sum compliance and intellectual property protection. kelvin management emphasis on modality change, develop eco-products, encourage Eco-Friendly workplace, green communicating. * cordial contribution pursuing a happier society, fellowship programs. * Partner collaboration global competitiveness. * Products and services customer enjoyment service and customer trust. In January 2009, Samsung built the bodily tender Responsibility (CSR) Liaison Office that is responsible for reporting directly to the CEO and the Sustainability Management Committee. Report Content and QualityThere are four principles for defining report content materiality, stakeholder inclusiveness, sustainability context and completeness. (1) Materiality We found that the level of breeding provided form Samsung sustainability report is not point in timeed e nough. For example, selective instruction about global network gives us an sympathy on how many departments of production, research and development and sales in to each one region and the report also provided randomness about how many peck are on the job(p) in each region but it is lose further knowledge on how many people work in individual division.This is key culture for us to compare with the accident rate. It seems they are not complied with this principle. (2) Stakeholder Inclusiveness In both of their reports, they have place their stakeholders into eight groups customer, business partners, shareholders/investors, non-governmental organisations, employees, local communities, government and press. In order to meet with the needs from their stakeholders, they will identify all relation issues and will follow up with communication activities. In addition, they have expanded social network services to strengthen communication with both internal and external stakehold ers.In essence, Samsung has satisfies this principle. (3) Sustainability Context Samsung has categorises its sustainability issues into 6 areas talent management, honor management, green management, social contribution, partner collaboration, and product and services. At the end of the report, it contained performance highlights, short-run plan for the beside year and performance indicators. Basically, Samsung has satisfies this principle too. (4) Completeness Overall, Samsung has provided general info in their reports. By looking at the table of the content of the report, the reader can find that all important topics.Yes, Samsung has satisfies this principle. There are six principles for defining report quality balance, comparability, accuracy, timeliness, clarity and reliability. (1) Balance The balance of the cultivation provided by Samsung is enough but they are relatively emphasised on those positive aspects. In the negative aspects, for example, in the area of product an d service, they have employed away agency to conduct a global customer satisfaction survey and used it for setting improvement targets, but it is missing further reading about the effect of the survey.Another example is they have reveal that they have 57 million customer inquiries and grievances (Korea 34 million, overseas 23 million) on their product and after sales services, again, there is no further information. It seems they are stressful to meet the disclosure requirement. In general, they have relatively emphasised on the mathematical aspects, like awards, partnership program in social contribution, economic performance and so on. It is obviously, Samsung has failed to meet with this principle. 2) Comparability We found that the two reports were inconsistent, the format and level of information provided are different. In 2011 report was with more information with performance highlights, indicators as well as a short plan for next year. In 2010 report is with more inform ation in the individual areas, for example, they have included their company code of conduct in their ace management. Besides, we found that it is kind of a hard-fought to compare their report with other company especially in the same industry. Because the format and information are vary from one company to others.We believe that this is caused by overleap of a standard sustainability reporting framework. Therefore, their report does not comply with this principle. (3) Accuracy In general, Samsung as a big corporation have responsibility to provide accurate information. We believe the information they have provide are accurate and reliable, and stakeholders assess their companys performance. Yes, Samsung satisfies this principle. (4) Timeliness Organisation should make report available on time for the stakeholders to make informed decisions.In general, Samsung has provided their reports on a regular schedule and information is available in time. Their reports are mainly availa ble around early of June. Yes, Samsung satisfies this principle. (5) pellucidity In general, everybody can assess Samsung sustainability information from their company website and can obtain a PDF format of the sustainability report. Besides, their website provides information and contact inside information of their CSR office and stakeholders can contact them for any queries on their report. Yes, Samsung satisfies this principle. 6) Reliability Basically, the level of information in Samsungs report is quite general. However, it still can subject to interrogative sentence and that establishes the quality and materiality of the information. Range of the aspects of performance inform The range (breadth) of the aspects of performance reported for these two years are adequate. In these two reports, they have categorized their sustainability development into six segments which are talent management, integrity management, green management, social contribution, partner collaboration, an d product and services.In the 2011 sustainability report, they have presented the highlights of progress, a three year performance indicator, and a short-term plan for each of the segments. The level of information provided in each segments is sufficient. However, due to there are lack of standard requirement of what level of information should be presented, we found that the information between the two years are difference and inconsistent. In addition, there are no comparisons with other companies or with industry average. close totimes, it may be uncorrectable to know how a particular company compares with another one.As a reader, we would like to have more meaningful information and progress in regarding to their economic, environmental and social performance. Performance Indicators In 2010 sustainability report, Samsung has set number of the action plans for year of 210 and they are- * bespeak competitive edge in nubble businesses * Promote open innovation * acquire new bu sinesses and new markets * Expand partner collaboration and establish green leadership * Establish market-driven system * Foster a creative organisational culture We will use the above as short-term goals and will evaluate their sustainability performance.As Samsung is one of the largest manufacturing corporate. We are interested to understand their disclosure indicator in the social performance of (1) wear practices and decent work and (2) society. (1) Labour practices and decent work Overall, Samsung has demonstrated the results of performance against goals in this area. Information has been covered in the area of talent management. They have set the objective to attract and retain top talent with promoting worker diversity and fostering a creative organisational culture through beef up employee competencies.The level of information is met with requirement in the performance indicator related to barter and occupational health and safety. Employment view by region Region 2008 2009 2010 Korea 84464 85089 95662 some other 77236 72612 94802 Total 161700 157701 190464 In 2010, their sales and dinero has been boost even though there are weak euro stemming from debt crisis in europium and they have expanded more business subsidiaries in overseas. Their workforce has been increased significantly. Some of their contractors have been transferred as permanent rung especially in the peak season.However, this short letter may rescind with some ascendancy in the labour budgets, overall ply management when the global continuous economic downsizing more severely in the upcoming years (2) Society As per requirement from G3. 1, society performance indicators focus on any impacts that will arise from the local communities in where they operate, and disclose any risks that may arise from interactions with other social institutions of which are managed and mediated. Risks including bribery, corruption, undue influence in public political, and monopoly practices.In the 2011 sustainability report, it has demonstrated the result of performance against the above plan. They have capable 3 more subsidiaries in 2010 from a total of 196 to 199. The movement of their subsidiaries are as follows- Global Network Production gross revenue R&D other(a) Total Year 2010 40 50 18 91 199 Year 2009 39 53 24 80 196 reason 1 -3 -6 11 3 at one time their new business subsidiaries are in operation, they will implement their sustainability strategy in the area of social contribution and integrity management.In the social contribution, Samsung has incorporated their corporate social responsibility philosophy supplement Samsung legacy of technology innovation to change our communities and human life and offer new opportunities to more people by preserving the environment for future generations. In return, Samsung has developed various(a) contribution programs through, partnership, donations and volunteering, which are tailored to each local community and aim at deliver real change to these local communities. Result in 2010 is positive. The number of people participating in volunteering is increased significantly.However, the sawhorse value on social contribution which is only KRW239 billion. When we compared it with the sales KRW154 trillion and net income KRW16. 1 trillion, the percentage to sales is less than 0. 15% and to net income is 1. 5%. It seems their dollars value contribution to the society is so little. Samsung has determine organisational risks of unlawful activities and violation of the laws in each region, in order to minimise these risks. Samsung has established its own code of conduct outlining honorable standards that require all employees has to comply with.Besides, they have introduced different compliance programs such as compliance education, integrated training through self-inspection to raise awareness of compliance among employees to follow. either unlawful activities such as bribery, corruption and influenc e in public policy-making and monopoly are strictly prohibited. Although they have integrated different compliance programs, however error activities are still happened. In 2010, 28% of the people who were disciplined were dismissed by Samsung.Besides, Samsung has been fined with KRW16 billion with violation of collusion on system air conditioners in Korea and $145. 73 million Euros with violation of DRAM damage collusion in overseas. It seems their controlling system is inefficiency and we believe they need a tighten monitoring system in order to minimise their business risks. Conclusion found on our evaluation on our chosen organisations sustainability report, we are of the opinion that their sustainability reports have covered enough information and this information can be easily accessed.However, the level of detail in their information provided in their report is very general. Their compliance program, for example, is an essential for any company, and does not provide the ne cessary information for us to properly analyse their integrity. The report roughly covers the data. As a reader, we would like to know more details of how problems occur, sooner of what, and how they are going to rectify or prevent it. Besides, when we referring to their report, the silver they are development is South Korean Won which is quite difficult for us to understand the monetary effect.We would suggest an appropriate international currency should be used. The clarity of change between the two years reports are inconsistent. The 2010 report was with more information such as code of conduct, value system which is a useful perceptivity, and the 2011 report was with more information such as short-term plans, performance highlights and more performance indicators. We are trying to compare Samsungs performance with other company that is in the same industry. However this is quite difficult as the format and level of information are different from Samsung to the other company .This may be a restraint of a voluntary report. These different indicated the current limitation of sustainability development, that is lack of standard sustainability reporting. Currently sustainability reporting is a non-regulatory and non-binding requirement. subsequently we evaluated Samsungs sustainability report, it seems their voluntary sustainability report may more about public relations than about increasing the transparency and responsibility of corporations with respect to their sustainability performance (Cho, 2012).We believe that the development of CSR standards could become a major influence on global trade and investment. Questions of effectiveness, transparency, accountability and democratic participation are important for any new manifestation of regulation or governance (Bendell, 2011). As per the insight from KPMG 2011 while the GRI Guidelines will continue to be the de facto standard, we believe that global CR reporting would benefit from further global stand ards that alter the benchmarking of the quality of the information and quantitative performance in CR activities.We believe that an organisation should initiative to ensure they have made every effort to listen and meet the needs from both their internal and external stakeholders, through incorporated the sustainability development this should be the best channel for an organisation to improve the communication with both their internal and external stakeholders. Finally through sustainability on economic, environmental and social, this will benefit to the organisation, people as well as the planet too. article count 4022 References 1. Bendell, J. , Miller, A. , Wortmann, K. (2011), Public policies for caling corporate responsibility standards Expanding collaborative governance for sustainable development, Sustainability Accounting, Management and constitution diary, Vol 2 Iss 2, pp. 263-293 2. Cho, C. , Michelon, G. , Patten, D. , (2012), enhancement and Obfuscation through the Use of Graphs in Sustainability Reports An International Comparison, Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, Vol 3 Iss 1 3. Dow Jones Sustainability Index, available at http//www. sustainabilityindex. com/Ethibel Sustainable Index, available at http//www. thibel. org/subs_e/4_index/main. hypertext mark-up language 4. Dyllick, T. , Hockerts, K (2002), Beyond the Business end for Corporate Sustainability, Business Strategy and the milieu, 11,2 ABI/ affirm Global pg. 130 5. Giannarakis, G. , and Litinas, N. , Sariannidis, N. , (2011), Evaluation of Corporate Social Responsbility Performance Standards, African Journal of Business Management, Vol 5(17), pp. 7367-7374 6. Global Reporting Initiatives, available at http//www. globalreporting. org/Home 7. Hammond, A. , Adriaanse, A. , Rodenburg, E. , Bryant, D. , Woodward, R. 1995), A regular Approach to Measuring and Reporting on Environmental Policy Performance in the Context of Sustainably Development, World Resourc es Istitute 8. KPMG (2008), librate me in The readers take on sustainability reporting (4/15/2008) 9. KPMG (2011), KPMG International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Report 2011 (11/7/2011) 10. Stiglitz, J. , Sen, A. , Fitoussi, Jean-Paul, (2009), Report by the Commission on the standard of Economic Performance and Social appear 11. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987), Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford